Reporting Category 3 Earth and Space

Reporting Category 3 Earth and Space

TEKS 8.7A, 8.7B, 8.7C, 6.11B, 8.8A, 8.8B. 8.8D

Rotation of Earth

The Earth rotates once every 24 hours or 1 day.

The rotation of the Earth causes day and night since the side facing the sun is always moving.

The rotation of the the Earth DOES NOT cause seasonal changes.

Multiple Choice

1 ROTATION =

• 365 Days

• 24 Hour

• 7 days

• 12 months

Multiple Choice

What causes Day and Night?

• Rotation

• Revolution

Multiple Choice

Earth completes one rotation on its axis about every 24 hours. Because of this rotation, the planet experiences-

• period of extreme weather

• regular solar and lunar eclipses

• daylight and darkness everyday

• four different seasons every year

Revolution of Earth

It takes just over 365 days or one year for the Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun.

However because of its tilt, the Sun's rays hit the Northern Hemisphere longer and more directly in the Summer then in the Winter. When it's Summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it is Winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

The revolution of the Earth DOES NOT casues day and night

Multiple Choice

1 REVOLUTION =

• 1 Day

• 6 months

• 265 days

• 1 year

Multiple Choice

Earth's Northern Hemisphere is generally warmer in July than in December. This happens because the Northern Hemisphere-

• Tilts towards the Sun in July

• Is closest to the Sun in July

• Rotates toward the Sun in July

• is the larger than the Southern Hemisphere.

Multiple Choice

Earth completes one revolution around the Sun every 365 days. Because of this revolution and Earth's tilted axis, some places on the planet experience

• periods of extreme weather

• regular solar and lunar eclipses

• daylight and darkness everyday

• four different seasons every year.

Multiple Choice

What Hemisphere do we belong to?

• Sothern Hemisphere

• Northern Hemisphere

Phases of the Moon

The Moon revolves around the Earth once every month(29.5days).

There are 8 Lunar phases.

New Moon to 1st Quarter=7 days

New Moon to Full Moon= 14 days

New Moon to 3rd Quarter=21 days.

From New Moon to Full Moon the light is coming from the RIGHT (WAXING ON)

Full Moon to New Moon the light is coming from the Left (WANING OFF)

Multiple Choice

Over the course of 29.5 days, the Moon shape appears to change in the night sky. These apparent changes in the moon's shape are called-

• Orbits

• Phases

• Revolutions

• Rotations

Multiple Choice

The Moon revolves once around Earth about every 29.5 days. How many times will the Moon complete all of its phases during one revolution around the Earth?

• 0

• 1

• 2

• 4

Multiple Choice

What will be the moon phase 7 nights later?

• F
• G
• H
• J

Multiple Choice

What is this phase?

• Waxing Crescent
• Waxing Gibbous
• Waning Crescent
• First Quarter

Gravity

Gravity is the force that holds the solar system together.

The mass ( and thus gravity) of the Sun keeps all the planets orbiting around it.

The mass ( and the gravity) of the Earth keeps the Moon orbiting around it.

Mass=Gravity

Multiple Choice

Compared to other objects in the solar system, the Sun is massive. For this reason, The Sun's gravitational pull-

• affects every planet's rotation

• causes storms called supernova

• keeps each planet in orbit around it

• attracts new planets to the solar system

Tidal Forces-Moon and Sun

The Moon has the GREATEST affect on the Earth's tides because it is closer to the Earth.

When the Moon, Sun, and Earth are aligned (New and Full Moon), the tides are the greatest (Spring Tide=Straight Line) high High Tides , low Low tides

When the Moon, Sun ,and Earth are right(90%) angles , the tides are weak (1st & 3rd Quarter) low High tides, and high Low tides (Neap Tide=Ninety)

Multiple Choice

Which body has the greater effect on Earth's tides?

• Sun
• Saturn
• Moon 
• Venus

Multiple Choice

What causes tides?

• gravity
• wind
• spring
• neap

Multiple Choice

Wha type of tide would this arrangement of earth-moon-sun create?

• full moon tide
• new moon tide
• neap tide
• spring tide

Solar System

Our solar system is extremely tiny compared to the Milky Way Galaxy

Multiple Choice

How many planets are there in the Solar System?

• eight
• three
• nine
• ten

A Star is Born

1. Nebula: Cloud of gas and dust "Star Nursery"

2. Protostar: a baby star

3. Main Sequence: Largest part of the Star life cycle. (4-7 less mass)

4. Red Giant: all fuel used us the beginning of the END.

5. Planetary Nebula: release outer layer.

6. White Dwarf: last light before eternal darkness

7. Black dawrf: No Light

4a. Red Super Giant: Largest star in Universe (4a-7a High Mass)

5a. Supernova: expands and increase brightness.

6a. Neutron Star: High density

7a. Black Hole: Nothing comes out "Star Eater"

H-R Diagram

Shows us how stars change over time.

Classifies on 2 characteristics:

1. Temperature of Star

Red (Hot)------> Blue(Cool)

2. Luminosity (Brightness)

Multiple Choice

The Diameter of the Sun is approx.. 1,390,000 kilometers. Compared to other stars in the universe, the Sun is-

• Medium-sized

• among the largest

• among the smallest

• the largest star of all

Multiple Choice

Which spectral class does our star, the sun, belong to?

• M
• K
• G
• F

Multiple Choice

On the H-R diagram above, each dot represents a(n)-

• galaxy

• individual star

• star cluster

• star's location

Galaxies

is a cluster of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity.

Our galaxy, the Milky Way Galaxy (Spiral) is made up of BILLIONS of stars.

There are BILLIONS of galaxies in the universe.

Types of galaxies include:

1. Irregular: no defines shape-lot of gas and dust

2. Spiral: Pinwheel shaped with arms that spiral

3. Elliptical: Round or Flattened

4. Barred Spiral: Look like a "S"

Multiple Choice

What type of galaxy is this?

• Spiral
• Elliptical
• Irregular 
• Irrational

Multiple Choice

All stars experience a life cycle. A star's life cycle is determined by the star's-

• Bightness

• Location

• Mass

• Rotation