Chapter 11 Review

Chapter 11 Review

LO: To review key concepts from chapter 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

Open Ended

What joint type is circled in the diagram? What other area of the body contains the same kind of joint?

What joint type is circled in the diagram? What other area of the body contains the same kind of joint?

• It is a ball and socket joint

• This type of joint allows the bones to rotate in almost all directions

• The hip also has this type of joint

Multiple Choice

What is the arrow pointing to in the figure? (bone to bone attachment)

• cartilage

• ligament

• periosteum

• tendon

Tendons and Ligaments

• Both are strong tissues that connect things

• Tendons connect muscle to bone

• Ligaments connect bone to bone

• They are both flexible and allow bones/muscles to move without shifting apart from each other

Open Ended

How do ligaments and tendons function in this type of joint?

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT produced or stored inside bones?

• calcium

• fat

• melanin

• red blood cells

Inside bones

• red bone marrow makes red blood cells

• yellow bone marrow stores fat

• calcium is stored in bones to make them strong

Multiple Choice

Which organ is NOT protected by the skeletal system?

• brain

• heart

• lungs

• skin

Multiple Choice

Which prevents bones from rubbing against each other?

• cartilage

• compact bone

• ligament

• spongy bone

Cartilage

• Cartilage is a strong, flexible tissue that covers the end of bones

• It protects bones by stopping friction

• If it becomes damaged or worn away, you can get arthiritis

Multiple Choice

What happens to a muscle when it contracts?

• The muscle lengthens.

• The muscle pushes on a bone.

• The muscle pushes on another muscle.

• The muscle shortens.

Muscle pairs

• Muscles work in pairs because they can only pull a bone, not push

• When the muscle is being used, it contracts and is shorter

• When the muscle is not being used, it relaxes and is longer

Multiple Choice

Which type of muscle is responsible for movement of the arms and legs?

• cardiac

• involuntary

• skeletal

• smooth

Multiple Choice

A contraction of what type of muscle is not consciously controlled?

• arm muscle

• involuntary muscle

• skeletal muscle

• voluntary muscle

voluntary vs. involuntary muscles

• Voluntary muscles are muscles you can consciously control e.g. skeletal muscles

• Involuntary muscles are muscles you can't consciously control e.g. cardiac and smooth

Open Ended

What kind of muscle is attached to the joint shown? Explain your answer. How does this type of muscle differ from the muscle in a person’s stomach?

Multiple Choice

Which is a characteristic of skeletal muscles?

• They are involuntary.

• They are smooth muscle.

• They contain discs.

• They have striations.

Multiple Choice

Where is cardiac muscle?

• heart

• leg

• lungs

• stomach

Fill in the Blank

To which layer of skin is the arrow in the figure above pointing?

Layers of the skin

• There are 3 key layers with different structures and functions

• epidermis: thin outermost layer, contains melanin

• dermis: middle layer with nerves, blood vessels, muscles, sweat glands, hair follicles

• fatty layer: innermost layer, for insulation

Multiple Choice

where is melanin produced?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which area gives the skin strength, flexibility, and nourishment?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

What is one function of sweating?

• allows the body to move

• enables calcium to be absorbed

• increases body temperature

• lowers body temperature

Multiple Choice

Which vitamin is made in the skin?

• vitamin A

• vitamin B

• vitamin C

• vitamin D

Multiple Choice

Which is part of the integumentary system?

• fingernail

• lung

• muscle

• nerve

The integumentary system includes the external coverings of the body

Skin, hair and nails

Fill in the Blank

What does the arrow in the figure point to?

Bone structures

• The bone has 5 structures:

• compact bone that is hard and dense

• spongy bone that is less dense with small holes

• bone marrow (yellow stores fat, red produces red blood cells)

• cartilage for protection

• periosteum, a membrane that nourishes for growth and heals

Multiple Choice

Which bone material stores fat?

• cartilage

• compact bone

• spongy bone

• yellow bone marrow

Multiple Choice

Where is this type of joint in the human body?

• finger

• knee

• neck

• shoulder

Multiple Choice

Which does NOT help to control a person’s body temperature?

• contracting muscles rapidly

• enlarging blood vessels

• producing melanin

• sweating through pores4

Open Ended

How are the functions of muscle and skin similar? Explain how each performs these functions.

Homeostasis

• Both the skin and muscles are involved in regulating the temperature of the body

• When you are too hot, muscles are relaxed and blood vessels are dilated. You produce sweat to cool down

• When you are too cold, muscles contract and hairs stand up on the skin. You shiver to warm up