Life Science Review Part 2

Life Science Review Part 2

Multiple Choice

Most tortoises have large domed-shaped shells rather than flat shells. Which of the following best explains why?

• Tortoises are amphibians, and domed shells are better for swimming

• There is little genetic variation in tortoises

• Having a flat shell is the result of injury

• Domed shells offer an advantage for survival

Multiple Choice

Scientists believe that the modern horse developed from a short, horse-like mammal about the size of a dog. Over millions of years, the horse increased in size and developed much longer legs. Horses with longer legs had a better chance of surviving than the shorter-legged members of the herd. How did longer legs help horses survive?

• They allowed the horses to reach nuts in trees

• They allowed the horses to outrun predators

• They allowed the horses to carry more body weight

• They allowed the horses to capture prey

Multiple Choice

When an environment changes faster that an species can adapt, the most likely outcome is...

• ...biological evolution.
• ...voluntary mutation
• ...species extinction
• ...selective breeding

Multiple Choice

In recent years "SuperBugs" (bacteria that aren't effected by antibiotics) are becoming more and more common. How could natural selection explain this?

• Superbugs survive antibiotics and reproduce
• Antibiotics cause bacteria to become superbugs
• We have always had the same amount of superbugs; modern media just discusses them more.
• There is no reliable data on the origin of super bugs.

Multiple Choice

​Based on the fossil layers shown, what can you infer about the past environment at this location?

• The environment at this location has never changed

• The organisms at this environment became simpler over time

• The environment began as a dry land environment, then evolved into an ocean or water environment.

• The environment began as an ocean or water environment, then evolved into a dry land environment.

Multiple Choice

Why is the mouse population changing over time?

• The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
• The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
• The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily

Multiple Choice

The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?

• Dark moth
• Light moth
• Both will be equally successful
• Neither will be successful

Multiple Choice

Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?

• Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
• Because they come from dominant alleles.
• Because they come from recessive alleles.
• Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.

Multiple Choice

If all of the offspring of an organism have the exact same genetic material, which is identical to the parent organism what type of reproduction is most likely?

• reproduction with spores

• reproduction with gametes

• sexual reproduction

• asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

Huntington's Disease is a dominant trait.
What is the correct genotype for individual I-2?

• HH
• Hh
• hh
• H_

Multiple Choice

If this pedigree shows an autosomal recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual II-3 be?

• HH
• Hh
• hh
• None of the above

Multiple Choice

What are the phenotype percentages of the offspring?

(A-Brown fur color; a-white fur color)

• 50 % Brown fur and 50% White fur

• 25 % Brown fur and 75% White fur

• 75 % Brown fur and 25% White fur

• 0% Brown fur and 100% White fur

Multiple Choice

B = brown eyes

b = blue eyes

One brother has genotype BB and the other brother has genotype Bb.

Which statement is true about these two brothers?

• They have same phenotype and genotype

• They have different phenotypes and genotypes

• They have same phenotype, but different genotypes

• They have different phenotypes, but the same genotype

Multiple Choice

In this cell division, one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells. What do you call this special kind of cell division?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• fertilization

• pollination

Multiple Choice

What do you call the type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring?

• pollination

• sexual reproduction

• fertilization

• asexual reproduction

Multiple Choice

The Bengal tiger is a species with fur that is usually orange with dark stripes. Sometimes orange Bengal tiger parents produce an offspring known as a white tiger, which has white fur. The trait for white fur is most likely caused by

• parasites in the female parent

• mutation in the embryo

• recessive alleles in both parents

• unusual conditions in the environment

Multiple Choice

Food webs show feeding relationships among different types of organisms. those organisms each have a specific niche. Which of the following best describes the function of decomposers in food webs?

• to recycle nutrients into soil

• to convert solar energy into food

• to provide food for secondary consumers

• to compete with secondary consumers for oxygen

Multiple Choice

A food web is represented by the diagram below. Which population in this food web would most likely be negatively affected by an increase in the mouse population?

• snake

• wolf

• rabbit

• hawk

Multiple Choice

Which of these is the producer in this food web?

• Phytoplankton

• Crabs

• Clams

• Copepods

Multiple Choice

What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?

• The insects in the habitat would increase because there are less snowshoes hares to eat them.

• The Lynx, Fox, and Hawk populations would decrease.

• The willow tree population would decrease because they are now more insects to eat them.

• Foxes would increase because they are now eating the willow trees.

Multiple Choice

Which of these is an example of an autotroph?

• Sunflower
• Krill
• Leopard
• Hummingbird

Multiple Choice

Bass tapeworms attach to the gills and intestines of bass fish. These worms survive by taking nutrients from the bass. What type of relationship does this represent?

• predation

• parasitism

• mutualism

• commensalism

Multiple Choice

A population of deer existed for centuries in a hilly region of England. The landowners decided to introduce sheep into the same area. Deer and sheep eat the same kind of plants. After the sheep were introduced, the deer population began to decline. How could the decline in the deer population be explained?

• sheep compete with the deer

• the sheep were smaller than the deer

• the food web became too complex

• sheep are at a higher trophic level than deer

Multiple Choice

Mangrove tree roots serve as a place for freshwater oysters to attach when the tide is high, as shown in the picture below. The oysters are protected from predators when attached to the roots underwater. The oysters do not harm the trees nor do they provide any benefit to the trees. Which of the following relationships is most similar to the relationship between the mangrove trees and the oysters?

• African ants living in acacia trees feed on leaf-eating insects found on the tree

• Spider crabs are camouflaged by the green-brown algae growing on their shells

• A whale is unaffected by the attached remora fish feeding on the whale’s leftover food

• Bees fly from one flowering plant to another gathering nectar and pollinating the flowers

Multiple Choice

If a disease destroying barley plants in a field swept through an ecosystem, what would happen to the barley eating bird population in the the field ?

• The bird population would stay the same

• The bird population would infinitely increase

• The bird population would decrease

Multiple Choice

The average person eats tons of food during their life, yet an adult only weighs, at most, a few hundred pounds. Which answer best explains what happens to all of that food?

• Some is used to build body structures, and some disappears while being transported

• Some is used for growth, some may be stored, and some is excreted as waste

• Some is used for energy for the body, some may be stored, and some disappears

• Some evaporates during the digestion process, and some gets used by the body

Multiple Choice

One of your cells has taken in a sugar molecule from a cookie you ate at lunch. The sugar molecule contains atoms of carbon. Which best explains what will happen to the carbon after your body processes it?

• It is recycled by the body to create CO₂ which will be stored for later use

• It is destroyed as the body breaks it down to use for energy

• It is returned to the environment through CO₂ or the decay of organic matter

• It is transformed into sugars which will be broken down and used for energy by the body

Multiple Choice

If a plant had a mutation that kept it from making enough chlorophyll, how would it look different from other plants of its own kind?

• It would have fewer leaves and a broader stem than the others

• It would be smaller and not as green than the others

• It would be larger and greener than the others

• It would have more flowers and more leaves than the others

Multiple Choice

Fossil fuels such as natural gas and petroleum contain carbon. How did the carbon get into the fossil fuels?

• It migrated into them from the rocks in which the fossil fuels are found

• It seeped out of coal buried near the fossil fuel deposits underground

• It was in the air that was trapped underground when the fossil fuels formed

• It was once part of the organisms from which the fossil fuels formed

Multiple Choice

Plants produce and release oxygen gas during the process of photosynthesis. Why do they do this?

• Oxygen is a waste product of photosynthesis and is easily released as a gas

• Humans need oxygen, so plants produce it to make sure we have enough of it

• The escaping oxygen gas helps the plant gather the sunlight needed for photosynthesis

• When the oxygen gas is released, it turns into carbon dioxide gas that the plant needs

Multiple Choice

Which of the following processes would be most likely to release carbon dioxide into the environment?

• building a wooden house

• growing trees in the yard

• burning wood in a campfire

• chipping up wood for mulch