Warfare in Ancient Greece

Warfare in Ancient Greece

*Greece fought in 3 major wars in the 400s BCE*

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMlnn7hKBn0

Beginning of The Persian Wars

• During expansion, Persia conquered Greek colonies in Asia

• Ionians rebelled after 50 yrs

• Athens sent soldiers to help

• burned Persian city

• King Darius set to conquer rest of Greece

• Greeks v. Persians

Multiple Choice

Why did the first Persian War start?

• Persia wanted to punish Athens for interfering in the Ionian Revolt.
• Sparta and Athens were competing to be the best city-state .
  
• Persia wanted revenge for their defeat at Marathon.
• Sparta and Athens both wanted to defeat Persia.

Battle of Marathon

• 20,000 Persian soldiers sailed to Marathon (near Athens)

• Athens WAY outnumbered

• attacked at dawn by surprise

• Unexpected Greek victory

• "Battle of Marathon" ends First Persian War

Multiple Choice

Who had the significantly larger troops?

• Persia

• Athens

Multiple Choice

Who was the leader of the Persian army?

• Darius

• Xerxes

• Xenophon

• Achilles

• Hector

SECOND Persian War

• Xerxes determined to defeat Greeks

• invasion force of 100,000 men

• Persia used Phoenician ships (no navy)

• 300 Spartans blocked Persians at a mountain pass (Th.)

• Greek traitor showed Persians other path

• Spartans died as heroes

Multiple Choice

Who led his war ships towards Athens to seek revenge?

• Cyrus the Great

• Xerxes

• Pericles

• Alexander the Great

Multiple Choice

Ten years after the first battle in the Persian Wars, Darius' son Xerxes tried to conquer Greece once more.

Which Greek city-state helped Athens?

• Mycenae

• Crete

• Sparta

• Troy

Multiple Choice

During the 2nd Persian War a Spartan force of 300 held off the Persian army for 2 days at a place called __________.

• Marathon

• Salamis

• Thermopylae

• Ionia

Victory for Athens

• Athenians FLEE - city empty

• Xerxes burned Athens - watched from throne

• TRAP - Greek ships hidden until Persian ships filled strait

• Battle of Salamis: broke Persian naval power

• Greek city-states UNITED

• ended Greco-Persian Wars

Multiple Choice

This naval battle was a Greek victory and destroyed the bulk of the Persian fleet

• Salamis
• Plataea
• Thermopylae
• Marathon

Multiple Choice

Which city-state had a powerful navy and defeated the Persian navy at the Battle of Salamis?

• Athens

• Ionia

• Sparta

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true concerning the Greco-Persian Wars?

• The Persians defeated the Greek city-states

• Athens started its decline after the end of the war

• Sparta and Athens were united against the Persians

• Persian ideas were adopted by the Athenians

Golden Age of Athens

• Athens becomes unofficial capital under Pericles

• economic/cultural center of Greece

• STRONG navy

• forms alliance - Delian League

• builds wall to Piraeus

• Sparta forms alliance - Peloponnesian League

Multiple Choice

After the Persian Wars, Athens convinced its allies to join an alliance called ______________________.

• the Delian League

• the Macedonian League

• the Peloponnesian League

• the Major League

Multiple Choice

After the Persian Wars, Athens entered a time period of peace, prosperity, and great achievements called the _____________.

• Periclean Age

• Golden Age

• Great Age

• Hellenistic Age

Multiple Choice

During the Golden Age, _________________ is best known for leading the rebuilding of Athens.

• Socrates

• Cleisthenes

• Pericles

• Phidias

Peloponnesian War 431 BCE

• Sparta - insecure of increasing power of Athens

• siege on Athens - back/forth warfare for 30 years

• Sparta = Powerful Army / Athens=Powerful Navy

• Sparta defeated Athens Navy

• Athens forced to surrender

• END OF GOLDEN AGE

Multiple Choice

Who were the participants in the Peloponnesian War?

• Corinth vs. Athens

• Persia vs. Greece

• Athens vs. Sparta

• Sparta vs. Thebes

Multiple Choice

What was the ultimate cause of the Peloponnesian War?

• Power struggles between the city-states

• Disagreements about trade

• The plague

• The helots revolted.

Multiple Choice

Which city-state gained power before the Peloponnesian War?

• Athens

• Sparta

• Corinth

• Ionia

Multiple Choice

The war finally ended in 404 B.C., when...

• Athens surrendered after its naval fleet was destroyed

• Sparta surrendered after its army was destroyed.

• The Persians turned on the Spartans.

• A truce was made between the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League.