READING AND WRITING POETRY

READING AND WRITING POETRY

PREPARED BY: MS. ELLAINNE MAE JOY S. JUMALON

Various elements of poetry

POETRY

is a patterned from a verbal or written expression of ideas in concentrated, imaginative, and rhythmical terms that often contain the elements of sense, sound, and structure. It is considered as the oldest literary form.

1.Denotation vs. Connotation

Denotation is the dictionary meaning of the word while Connotation is the suggested or implied meaning/s associated with the word beyond its dictionary definition.

2. IMAGERY

Imagery is the use of sensory details or descriptions that appeal to one or more of the senses: sight, touch, taste, and smell. These are otherwise known as “senses of the mind” since a poem without imagery is not poetry.

3.  Sound of a poem

Tone Color is achieved through repetition.

REPETITION OF SINGLE SOUNDS

Alliteration is the repetition of similar and  accented sounds at the beginning of words.

"She sells seashells by the sea-shore."

Assonance is the repetition of similar accented vowel sounds

"Hear the lark and harken to the barking of the dark fox gone to ground

Consonance is the repetition of similar consonant sound typically within or at the end of words.

"But the Raven still beguiling all my fancy into smiling,

Straight I wheeled a cushioned seat in front of bird, and bust and door;

   Then, upon the velvet sinking, I betook myself to linking

   Fancy unto fancy, thinking what this ominous bird of yore—

What this grim, ungainly, ghastly, gaunt, and ominous bird of yore

            Meant in croaking “Nevermore.”"

RHYME

Rhyme is the repetition of the same stressed vowel sounds and any succeeding sounds in two or more words.

RHYME

Types of Rhyme

1. Internal Rhyme – rhyme within the line

I drove myself to the lake / and dove into the water."

2.Terminal Rhyme – rhyme found at the end of the line.

may came home with a smooth round stone

as small as a world and as large as alone.

 

RHYME SCHEME

Rhyme Scheme is the pattern of rhyme form that ends a stanza or poem. The rhyme scheme is designated by the assignment of a different letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme.

 A. Repetition of Words

 

Example:

    My dreams are dreams of thee, fair maid.              -Rural Maid

 

B. Repetition of Sentences or Phrases

 

Example:

           I dream that one day our voices will be heard.

           I dream that one day our hope becomes worth.                       -        Paraiso

RHYTHM

   is the pattern of beats created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables, which gives musical quality and ads emphasis to certain words and thus helps convey the meaning of the poem. The effect is derived from the sounds employed, the varying pitches, stresses, volumes, and durations.

 

METER

 Meter is a regular recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables that give a line of poetry a more or less predictable rhythm. Its unit of measure is termed as “foot” which usually contains an accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables.

FOOT

   Foot is the basic unit of meter          consisting of a group of two or          three   syllables.

Poetic Devices

1.The SOUNDS of words

2.The MEANINGs of words

3.Arranging the words

 4.The IMAGES of words

Types of Poetry

Narrative Poem

poem that tells a story.

Lyric Poem

descriptive or expository in nature where the poet is concerned mainly with presenting a scene in words, conveying sensory richness of his subject, or the revelation of ideas or emotions.

Dramatic Poem

poem where a story is told through the verse dialogue of the characters and a narrator.

Dramatic Poem

poem where a story is told through the verse dialogue of the characters and a narrator.

SPECIFIC FORMS AND CONVENTIONS OF POETRY

Ballad

The “story” of a ballad can be a wide range of subjects but frequently deals with folklore or popular legends. 

Concrete Poetry

also known as pattern poetry or shaped verse, these are poems that are printed on the page so that they form a recognizable outline related to the subject, thus conveying or extending the meaning of the words. Pattern poetry retains its meaning when read aloud, whereas the essence of concrete poetry lies in its appearance on the page rather than in the words; it is intended to be perceived as a visual whole and often cannot be effective when read aloud. This form has had brief popularity at several periods in history.

Epigram

a pithy, sometimes satiric, couplet or quatrain comprising a single thought or event and often aphoristic with a witty or humorous turn of thought.

Epitaph

a brief poem or statement in memory of someone who is deceased, used as, or suitable for, a tombstone inscription; now, often witty or humorous and written without intent of actual funerary use.

Haiku

a Japanese form of poetry consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables. The elusive flavor of the form, however, lies more in its touch and tone than in its syllabic structure. Deeply imbedded in Japanese culture and strongly influenced by Zen Buddhism, haiku are very brief descriptions of nature that convey some implicit insight or essence of a moment. Traditionally, they contain either a direct or oblique reference to a season.

 

Limerick

a light or humorous form of five chiefly anapestic verses of which lines one, two and five are of three feet and lines three and four are of two feet, with a rhyme scheme of aabba. Named for a town in Ireland of that name, the limerick was popularized by Edward Lear in his Book of Nonsense published in 1846, and is generally considered the only fixed form of English origin.

             While the final line of Lear’s limericks usually was a repetition of the first line, modern limericks generally use the final line for clever witticisms and word play. Their content also frequently tends toward the ribald and off-color.

Lyric

derived from the Greek word for lyre, lyric poetry was originally designed to be sung. One of the three main groups of poetry (the others being narrative and dramatic), lyric verse is the most frequently used modern form, including all poems in which the speaker’s ardent expression of a (usually single) emotional element predominates. Ranging from complex thoughts to the simplicity of playful wit, the melodic imagery of skillfully written lyric poetry evokes in the reader’s mind the recall of similar emotional experiences.

Ode

: any of several stanzaic forms more complex than the lyric, with intricate rhyme schemes and irregular number of lines, generally of considerable length, always written in a style marked by a rich, intense expression of an elevated thought praising a person or object. “Ode to a Nightingale” is an example

Sonnet

: a fourteen line poem in iambic pentameter with a prescribed rhyme scheme; its subject was traditionally love. Three variations are found frequently in English, although others are occasionally seen.

ANALYZING THE POEM

.W.I.S.T. A Poetry Analysis Strategy

The Acronym T.W.I.S.T. Stands for:

                   T = Title

                  W = What’s it all about

                   I = Imagery

                  S = Style/Structure

                  T = Theme

TWIST

T.W.I.S.T. Answers the following…

1. How do great writers create a tone that a reader can feel through their work?

2. What are the elements of a poem, and how can we learn to analyze its meaning?

3. How do literary elements affect a reader's understanding of a work of literature?

T = Title

1.   Read the title and stop.

2.  Predict what the poem will be about.

3.  Consider specific word choices (diction) and their connotations, associations or emotional impact.

W – What’s it all about?

1. Paraphrase each stanza of the poem.

2.  Don’t interpret it, just tell it in your own words.

I = Imagery

1. Look for any imagery (description that makes it so real you can imagine it with any of your five senses)

2. look for symbolism, metaphors, similes, personification, irony, understatement, allusions, alliteration, onomatopoeia, assonance

S = Style/Structure

1.                 The author’s use of poetic devices such as rhythm (write out the meter pattern) , rhyme scheme, repetition

2.                 Look for punctuation used, stanza division, changes in stanza or line length, layout of poem, or capitalized words.

3.                 Look for the tone and the tone shift, poet’s attitude towards the subject, etc.

4.                 Discuss how these elements relate to the meaning of the poem.

T = Theme

1.                 Look at the title again from an interpretive level. Do you see anything new?

2.                 What is the subject of the poem? Then determine what the poet is saying about each of the subjects.

3.                 What is the author’s insight about life?

MAYON

MAYON

KRISTIAN SENDON CORDERO

CAMARINES SUR

 

Ayon sa alamat, lason ng pana ni Pagtuga,

Ang lumikha sa bulkan-libingan ito

Ng dalagang namatay sa isang Digmaan.

 

Ngayon, ano ang tutubo sa paanan ng Mayon

Gayong nagiging malawak na itong sementeryo

 Ng abo, ng tao. Manganganak na kaya ito?

Tinitigan ko ang nakangangang bulkan-binalot

Ng ulap at ng sariling usok ang Tuktok, gatas sa labi.

Baka sakali, magpakita, nang may silbi ang kamera.

Sa ilang retrato na ibinebenta ng mga bata sa Cagsawa

Lusaw na tae ang nagliliyab na lava, Dumadaloy pababa.

Matandang nag nganganga ayon Naman sa isang makata

 

Sa isang lumang postcard na nakita Ko sa Antigo Merkado----

Kapag sa malayo, isa siyang Magandang sikyung nakatanod,

Handa sa pagkapkap, naghihintay sa Iyong pagpasok.

Open Ended

ANALYZE THE POEM

FINAL PERFORMANCE TASK FOR THIRD QUARTER

COMPOSE A 2 STANZA SONG ABOUT PANDEMIC

Dramatic Poem

poem where a story is told through the verse dialogue of the characters and a narrator.