EOC Review #1: Westward Expansion

EOC Review #1: Native American Experience

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_{1) Excerpt from Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce.}

“I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead. Toohoolhoolzote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say “yes” or “no.” He who led the young men is dead.

It is cold, and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are—perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.

Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.”

​1) Which phrase best summarizes his statement?

A) If we join together we can win our freedom.

B) When blankets arrive, we will continue our journey to Canada.

C) I am saddened because our young men no longer listen to their elders.

D) I will surrender because the cost of continuing to fight is too high.

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(Submit answer on next slide)

Multiple Choice

1) Which phrase best summarizes his statement?

• If we join together we can win our freedom.

• When blankets arrive, we will continue our journey to Canada.

• I am saddened because our young men no longer listen to their elders.

• I will surrender because the cost of continuing to fight is too high.

Multiple Choice

2) How did mining discoveries affect westward expansion?

• The profitability of mining discoveries attracted railroad development and caused rapid population growth.

• Mining discoveries on reservations provided Native Americans with wealth they used to resist further expansion.

• Mining discoveries went through boom-bust cycles so quickly that they had little effect on westward expansion.

• Mining discoveries on Native American reservations led to many battles between federal soldiers and prospectors when the soldiers enforced terms of treaties.

Multiple Choice

3) Which of the following best describes why Americanization strategies failed to assimilate Native Americans?

• Native Americans disagreed about the goals for their communities.

• Native Americans had to give up their traditions and values.

• The Bureau of Indian Affairs set requirements that were unclear.

• The Bureau of Indian Affairs was inefficient and understaffed.

Multiple Choice

4) What conditions combined to begin the long cattle drives in the 1860s?

• creation of barbed wire to fence in large ranches to protect cattle and construction

  of railroads in Kansas and Missouri

• construction of railroads to California and high demand caused by the California gold rush

• open ranges and high demand for food among Native Americans as buffalo herds declined

• open ranges, construction of railroads in Kansas and Missouri, and high demand for beef in eastern markets

5) Using your knowledge of the mining method shown in the image below, select the statement that best describes the benefits of using this method for miners.

A) It is efficient at extracting minerals buried in rock and gravel.

B) By using only water there is less environmental impact than other methods.

C) Adding water to streams benefits local farmers during dry weather.

D) It extracts minerals deep underground without endangering miners.

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(Submit answer on next slide)

Multiple Choice

5) Using your knowledge of the mining method shown in the image below, select the statement that best describes the benefits of using this method for miners.

• It is efficient at extracting minerals buried in rock and gravel.

• By using only water there is less environmental impact than other methods.

• Adding water to streams benefits local farmers during dry weather.

• It extracts minerals deep underground without endangering miners.

Multiple Choice

6) How did innovations help farmers overcome economic challenges of farming on the Great Plains during the 1800s?

• Open ranges allowed farmers to combine wheat crops and harvest them together, increasing prosperity.

• Use of migrant workers allowed farmers to harvest bigger crops and increase their profitability.

• Technology allowed farmers to overcome droughts by watering wheat using deep wells.

• Improved technology helped farmers increase production on good years which helped families survive years of drought and low yields.

7) Below are two statements about the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

Statement A: “My heart is full of sorrow that so many were killed on each side, but when they compel us to fight, we must fight. . . . Tonight we shall mourn for our dead, and for those brave white men lying up yonder on the hillside.”

Statement B: “. . . It is the opinion at headquarters among those who are most familiar with the situation, that Custer struck Sitting Bull’s main camp. . . . Custer dropped squarely into the midst of no less than ten thousand red devils and was literally torn to pieces. The movement made by Custer is censured to some extent at military headquarters in this city. . . .”

​7) Which is most likely an account reported in an eastern newspaper?

A) Statement A

B) Statement B

C) Both Statements A and B

D) Neither Statements A nor B

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(Submit answer on next slide)

Multiple Choice

7) Which is most likely an account reported in an eastern newspaper?

• Statement A

• Statement B

• both Statements A and B

• neither Statements A nor B

Multiple Choice

8) What indicated a shift in federal policy toward Native Americans in the late 1880s and 1890s?

• the Dawes Act and the creation of Indian schools

• the creation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and reservations

• the Homestead Act and the Dawes Act

• the Morrill Land Grant College Act and the creation of Indian schools

Multiple Choice

9) Based on your knowledge of the farming methods and trends in the 1800s, what is the best description of the effect of new farm machinery?

• New agricultural colleges were opened to train farmers how to use new equipment.

• New equipment wasted too much of the wheat harvest and was not widely used by farmers.

• Labor-saving machines allowed farm sizes and profitability to increase.

• New equipment was mostly used on smaller farms to help them match the production of larger farms.

10) Below are two passages describing life on the Great Plains.

. . .such a house is somewhat cold in the winter, as the crevices between the sods admit some cold air, so some of the houses are plastered with a kind of “native lime,” made of sand and a very sticky native clay. This plaster is very good unless it happens to get wet.

Nobody can describe a blizzard. There is one kind in which the snow sticks all over everything, and another that is colder, in which the snow drives with terrible force, the sun shining above it. This is the Dakota boomer’s exhilarating weather!

​Which statement best describes life on the Plains?

A) Life on the Plains is difficult no matter the season.

B) Surviving winter on the Plains is difficult, especially when there are storms.

C) Blizzards cause hardships for nearly everyone, including animals.

D) Sod houses work well, especially if they have plaster walls.

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(Submit answer on next slide)

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes life on the Plains?

• Life on the Plains is difficult no matter the season.

• Surviving winter on the Plains is difficult, especially when there are storms.

• Blizzards cause hardships for nearly everyone, including animals.

• Sod houses work well, especially if they have plaster walls.