Period 3

Period 3

History:

• 1807 - isolated by Humphry Davy

• Sodium in salt had been known for a long time

• 1814 - Na was published which is derived from Natrium (Latin for sodium)

Facts:

• Very abundant element

• Most common alkali metal

• Very reactive

Uses:

• detergents, dyes

• glass, soaps

• Earliest uses - sodium cyanide and sodium peroxide

Sodium atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

History:

• Joseph Back discovered it in the 1700s

• Humphry Davy isolated magnesium in 1808

• Magnesia, Greece - large reserve of magnesiums

Facts:

• Very reactive

• Compounds are very stable

• burns a bright white light when exposed to high temperatures

• Essential

• Magnesium is present in green vegetables, cereals, nuts, and seafood

Uses:

• very light weight so used in cars, plans, electronics

• Magnesium compounds that can withstand extremely high temperatures.

Magnesium atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

History:

• Derived from the latin word 'alumen'

• Used by Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Babylonian

• 1825 - Hans Christian Orsted isolated aluminum

• Introduced at the 1855 Paris exposition

Facts:

• silvery-white metal

• most abundant element in earth's crust

• Pure aluminum is soft and weak

• Commercial aluminum is hard & strong

• highly malleable and can be made into wire or thin foil

Uses:

• aluminum is added in small amounts to certain metals to improve their properties

• cooking utensils, aircraft construction, building materials

aluminum atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

History:

• 1824 - Jons Jacob Berzelius isolated silicon

• Thomas Thomson gave silicon its name

• Known to ancient people groups in the form of a rock crystal

Facts:

• Metalloid

• 2nd most abundant element in earth's crust

• found in almost all rocks (sand, clay, soils)

Uses:

• Good semiconductor used in electronics

• heat resistant

• contact lenses

silicon atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

History:

• 1669 - Hennig Brand

• Phosphorus comes from ancient Greek

Facts:

• colorless, soft, waxy solid at room temperature

• glows in the dark

• highly reactive

• compounds found in bones and teeth enamel

• 6th most abundant element in living systems

Uses:

• Fireworks, matches, insecticides, fertilizers

phosphorus atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

History:

• Give credit to Hennig Brand, but sulfur has been known and used since prehistoric times

• 1669 - Hennig Brand

• 1777 - Antoine Lavoisier

Facts:

• solid, yellow at room temperature

• around 30 allotropes

• quite abundant on earth and the universe

Uses:

• fertilizers, insecticides,

• broad spectrum antibacterial

sulfur atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

History:

• 1810 - Humphry Davy

• Name derived from khloros, Greek word for pale green (color of chlorine gas)

Facts:

• one of the most reactive gases

• non-metal, greenish yellow dense gas with a pungent smell

Uses:

• PVC

• disinfectant

• insecticides, pesticides

• chloroform

• can be highly toxic - used during WWI and in 2007 as a weapon in war

chlorine atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

History:

• 1894 - Sir William Ramsay & Lord Raleigh

• 'Argos' Greek word for 'lazy/inactive'

Facts:

• small amount in our atmosphere

• most abundant and industrially used of all noble gases

• colorless, odorless, and tasteless

Uses:

• welding

argon atom

• protons

• electrons

• neutrons

Multiple Choice

Found in soaps and glass. We also occasionally add this to our food.

• sodium

• magnesium

• calcium

• potassium

Multiple Choice

What element has the symbol Mg?

• Magnesium

• Sulfur

• Carbon

• Neon

Multiple Choice

Chemist working on isolating the elements in the 1800s

• Jons Jacob Berzelius

• Humphry Davy

• Hennig Brand

• Joseph Black

Multiple Select

What group of elements are often too reactive to be found in their pure form?

• alkaline earth metals

• alkali metals

• transition metals

• noble gases

Multiple Choice

Element named after Magnesia, Greece

• Calcium

• Sodium

• Magnesium

• Sulfur

Multiple Choice

Metal that is highly malleable, and can be made into wire or thin foil

• Silicon

• Aluminum

• Phosphorus

• Sodium

Multiple Choice

Glows in the dark

• magnesium

• sulfur

• argon

• phosphorus

Multiple Choice

Solid & yellow at room temperature

• suflur

• phosphorus

• sodium

• argon

Multiple Choice

Used as a disinfectant and also used as a weapon

• chlorine

• argon

• silicon

• potassium

Multiple Choice

heat resistant, very important material in our electronics

• Silicon

• sulfur

• magnesium

• helium

Multiple Choice

A diamond is an allotrope of this element

• sulfur

• helium

• oxygen

• carbon

Multiple Choice

This element gets its name from the Greek word Argos, meaning 'lazy'

• Argon

• Neon

• Helium

• Sulfur