Evolution EOG Review Notes

Evolution EOG Review Notes

Open Ended

What are two things you remember about the Evolution unit? Think about vocab words and use the image for ideas!

Earth History

• We study the earth based on the geologic time scale, a calendar of Earth’s history.

• The earth is 4.6 billion years old

Earth History

• Era of humans= Cenozoic; Period of dinosaurs=Triassic

• Extinction happens when all of the species dies out

Multiple Choice

How old is the Earth?

• 4.6 million years

• 4.6 billion years

• 4.6 trillion years

Earth History

• The fossil record is all the fossils that have been found.

• Index fossils are used to relatively date the rock it’s in. (ex. Trilobite)

Multiple Choice

What do scientists use to study organisms of the past?

• Telescopes

• Fossils

• Rocks

Earth History

• Relative dating= approximate age; Law of Superposition states that rock layers at the bottom are older and as you move up each layer gets younger.

Multiple Choice

What is the order of these rock layers from youngest to oldest?

• C, B, A, D, E

• E, D, A, B, C

• E, D, C, B, A

Multiple Choice

What is the order of these rock layers from oldest to youngest?

• E, C, B, D, A

• A, D, B, C, E

• D, B, C, E, A

Earth History

• Absolute dating= exact age; radioactive dating is absolute

• Carbon-14 (millions) & Uranium-235 (billions) are used to radioactive date a rock or fossil.

• Ice cores are used to tell about the atmosphere and climate

Multiple Choice

What do ice cores teach us about the environment?

• It tells us about animals of the past.

• It tells us about climate of the past.

Evolution

• Theory of Plate Tectonics= everything is on a rocky, moving piece of crust; Alfred Wagner

• Supercontinent=Pangaea

• The continents got where they are through continental drift

Multiple Choice

How could a dinosaur fossil from one animal be found on a different continent?

• The dinosaur could have swam across the ocean.

• The dinosaur could have flew across the ocean.

• The continents were once connected and separated due to continental drift.

Evolution

• Evolution= Gradual change over time

• Why would I find the same mammal fossil in South America and Africa? The continents were once together

Evolution

• Natural Selection= Organism best suited to that environment will survive and reproduce; by Charles Darwin

Evolution

• Darwin said:

• 1) all organisms produce many offspring;

• 2) not all individuals are the same (genetic variations)

• 3) resources are limited, so this causes competition, which leads to survival of the fittest

Multiple Choice

Why do organisms change over a long period of time?

• Organisms just change.

• The strongest characteristics get passed down due to survival of the fittest.

• Organisms choose to change the characteristics.

Evolution

• Adaptations= favorable traits kept to help that species survive

• Competition for the same resources causes evolution

Evolution

• Genetic diversity is good & keeps favorable traits around in a species when the environment changes.

• Bad traits can’t reproduce because they die.  (dead things don’t make babies)

Evolution

• Homologous Structures=develop from a common ancestor (same bone structure, different function)

Evolution

• Analogous Structures=similar in function but not from common ancestor (different structure)

Multiple Choice

A bees wing and a bats wing are examples of what kind of structures?

• Homologous Structures

• Analogous Structures

Moving Earth

• Divergent boundary=spread apart

• Convergent boundary= push together

• Transform boundary= slide past each other

Moving Earth

• Mechanical weathering is where rocks physically break apart into small pieces (ex. Water freezes between rocks, melts, and refreezes)

• Chemical weathering is when minerals in the rocks are broken down (ex. Acid rain)

Multiple Choice

An earthquake occurs near a fault line where two plates are moving toward each other. This is an example of what boundary?

• Divergent

• Convergent

• Transform

Technology of the Earth

• Remote sensing= collecting info about an area from a distance; studies earth’s surface over time

• Satellite imaging= photo of earth taken by satellite, put into computer for GIS

Technology On Earth

• Ground truthing is physically going to a site to collect data (ex. Rain gauge)

• GPS measures where a location is

Multiple Choice

A scientists observes an island from a distance away. She studies the changes that a volcano goes through over time. What is this called?

• Remote Sensing

• Ground Truthing

• GPS