SCIENCE Week 1 & Week 2

SCIENCE Week 1 & Week 2

Compare and contrast the characteristics of

different types of soil.

Characteristics of Different Types of Soil

The Earth is composed of three parts namely: soil, water and air with the interaction of the sun as the main source of energy on earth. Soil is a very important natural resource on earth made up of tiny particles of rocks and decayed plants and animals. It also contains water and some gases found at the uppermost layer.

Soil covers most of the land part of earth. You find plants, animals, and other organisms on the soil. We live on the soil and it helps us in many ways. Different types of soil have different physical characteristics. Each soil type differs in color, texture, odor and its ability to hold water. Some soils are good for planting while others are not. The presence of the different kinds of vegetative plants in a place is an evidence of a good quality of soil in the area or locality. Sometimes a combination of soil is observed in some areas of the country.

Soil has different types; clay, loam and sand. 1)Clay is a soil with particles packed together. It is sticky when wet and has the finest texture. 2) Loam is a mixture of sand and clay. It contains large amount of decaying plants and animals. It has a fine texture. 3) Sand is a soil with coarse and loose particles.

Are soils in beaches, rice fields, gardens and in your backyards the same? Why or Why not?

Three Different types of Soil

Sandy Soil

Particles are coarse and loose, and it is easy to dig. This soil is not good for growing plants because it cannot hold water well.

Loam Soil

It is a mixture of sand and clay. It contains a large amount of decaying plants and animals. It has a fine texture. This soil can hold enough water and oxygen which are needed for plant growth.

Clay

Particles are tightly packed together. It can hold much water and becomes sticky when wet. It is made up of very fine particles of rocks. This soil can be used in making pots.

Soil

is a system into which energy and matter from the sun, atmosphere, and living organisms penetrate and interact. It is a system because it is composed of many different parts. Each of the layers has a function to perform.

Layers of the Soil

Top Soil (1)

The topsoil is the uppermost layer of the soil. This layer is rich with organic materials called humus and with minerals needed for plant growth. Humus comes from decaying plants and animals. The soil’s dark color is an indication of the presence of the humus. Several kinds of plants can be seen growing on this layer.

Sub Soil (2)

The subsoil is located just below the topsoil. It is composed of loosely arranged rocks, sand, and clay. This layer is very rich with minerals that drain from topsoil. When the topsoil is washed out, the subsoil alone cannot support plant life.

Parent rock

The parent rock is composed of rocks that are slowly breaking apart. It is exposed to very little weathering. It does not contain necessary nutrients and water needed for plant growth.

Bedrock (3)

The bedrock is the lowest of the soil layers. It is made up of undisturbed large boulders and gravel. This layer contains materials that are good for constructing buildings and making roads. No plant life can survive in this layer.

Learning Task No. 1

Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.

Multiple Choice

1._______ is an ingredient of soil that is made of dead plants and animals.

• A. dirt

• B. humus

• C. rocks

• D. sand

Multiple Choice

2. The girls are studying different types of soil. They are comparing clay, sand, gravel and silt. In which soil type will they find the smallest particles?

• A.clay

• B.gravel

• C. sand

• D. silt

Multiple Choice

3. Which of these soil parts has the largest particles?

• A.clay

• B.sand

• C. humus

• D. silt

Multiple Choice

4. Which of the following is NOT true about soil?

• A. Soil is formed in a single layer.

• B. Farmers use soil to grow plants.

• C. Soil is an important natural resource.

• D. Soil contains pore spaces that can be filled with air or water.

Multiple Choice

5. Which of the following is not a type of soil?

• A. clay

• B. loam

• C. mud

• D. Sandy

Learning Task No. 2

Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer in your notebook.

Multiple Choice

1. Which of this is made up of smallest particles of rocks which contain decayed matter of plants and animals?

• A. Land

• B. Soil

• C. Mineral

• D. Water

Multiple Choice

2. How many types of soil are there?

• A. 2

• B. 1

• C. 3

• D. 4

Multiple Choice

3. Which soil holds much water?

• A. Loam

• B. Clay

• C. Sand

• D. silt

Multiple Choice

4. Why is soil important to living things? Because it ___________________?

• A. forms part of the earth where animals live.

• B. provides the necessary nutrients needed by plants.

• C. serves as a place where people live.

• D. all of the above.

Multiple Choice

5. Which of the soil type is good for making pots?

• A. Loam

• B. Clay

• C. Sand

• D. silt

Multiple Choice

6. How does decayed organism like plants and animals make soil fertile?

• A. change its color

• B. enhances color

• C. makes the texture finer

• D. add nutrients to the soil

Multiple Choice

7. What type of soil do you usually expect in a shoreline?

• A. Clay

• B. Loam

• C. Sand

• D. A and C

Multiple Choice

8. In which layer of the soil do we usually find loam?

• A. Topsoil

• B. Parent soil

• C. Bedrock

• D. Ground soil

Explain the use of water from different sources in the context of daily activities

The Use of Water from Different Sources in the Context of Daily Activities

Water comes from different sources. It may come from open or closed sources. It may also come from a small body of water or a big body of water. Rainwater comes from clouds.

Water

Water is a renewable resource because of the water cycle. But a lot of places in the world and in our country do not have enough water. There are two problems with water: amount of distribution and quality or safety.

Uses of Water:

• for cleaning, washing, bathing, preparing food and other household uses

• support plant and animal life. Without water, plants will wither. And animals and people will die of thirst.

• rivers, lakes, and springs are used for recreation. It is used for swimming and boating.

• rivers are sources of shrimps, crabs and shellfish

• transportation using boats

• irrigation for the farm

There are three main sources of water. The kind of water depends on its source. The three different kinds of water are seawater, freshwater, and groundwater.

Seawater

Seawater is salty. It has a large amount of salt. It is found in the seas and oceans. Seawater can be classified as hard water.

Freshwater

Freshwater. Some portion of earth’s freshwater comes from surface water. This is found in open but small bodies of water like waterfalls, rivers, lakes, creeks, and ponds. Surface water comes mostly from rain.

Freshwater

Rainwater flows from land into streams and rivers. In cold countries, it also comes from snow. Great quantities of snow accumulate on highlands and mountains during winter. In spring, the snow melts and runs off into surface water.

Groundwater

Groundwater is found beneath the earth’s surface. It comes from water that seeps into the ground. These accumulate in the underground layer called water table. Groundwater is the safe source of water. It is considered the cleanest water and contains plenty of dissolved minerals which the human body needs. Springs are openings of the groundwater directly to the earth’s surface.

Learning Task 1

True or False

Multiple Select

1. Irrigation water is good for washing dishes at home.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

2. Boiled water from the river is safe for cooking

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

3. Clean rivers and lakes are good sources of food like shrimps and fish.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

4. Water can be used in farms for irrigation.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

5. In some places, rivers are used to transport products and people.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

6. Most of the water on Earth is saltwater.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

7. There are only two sources of water.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

8. Water is used at home, in school, and in factories.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

9. Fresh water is used for cleaning, washing and bathing.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Select

10. Seawater is the habitat of aquatic plants and animals.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Learning Task 2

Direction: Choose the correct answer.

Multiple Choice

1. Where is the source of water that contains plenty of salt?

• A. Freshwater

• B. Groundwater

• C. Lakewater

• D. Seawater

Multiple Choice

2. Which source of water is also called as surface water and does not

contain salt?

• A. Deepwater

• B. Freshwater

• C. Groundwater

• D. Seawater

Multiple Choice

3. Which of the following are examples of fresh of water?

• A. river , sea, ocean, pond

• B. river , well, sea , pond

• C. river , lake, falls , pond

• D. river , lake, sea, well

Multiple Choice

4. This source of water is safe for drinking.

• A. Freshwater

• B. Groundwater

• C. Saltwater

• D. Springwater

Multiple Choice

5. Which source of water is always used in the ricefield?

• A. Rivers

• B. Groundwater

• C. Ocean

• D. Sea

Learning Task 3

Direction: Choose Salty if the water is salty and Not Salty if it is not.

Multiple Choice

_____1. lake

• Salty

• Not Salty

Multiple Choice

_____2. rain

• Salty

• Not Salty

Multiple Choice

_____3. sea

• Salty

• Not Salty

Multiple Choice

_____4. river

• Salty

• Not Salty

Multiple Choice

______ 5. ocean

• Salty

• Not Salty

Multiple Choice

______ 6. spring

• Salty

• Not Salty

Multiple Choice

_______7. falls

• Salty

• Not Salty

Multiple Choice

______ 8. ice

• Salty

• Not Salty