U8. New Spain Review

U8. New Spain Review

The beginning

• Charles V was the first king of Spain and of America.

• Spanish territorial division was of Audiencias (Mexico, Guatemala and Nueva Galicia) and later Intendencias.

• The head of New Spain in America was the Viceroy.

• After the Viceroy came "Reales Audiencias," governors and "ayuntamientos"

Spiritual Conquest

• The process of teaching Catholicism

• It was a duty and it was a necessity to control natives.

• Clerical orders were in charge of teaching (Franciscans)

• Language and previous faith.

• Solutions: learning native languages and teaching the faith to the children.

Social Organization

• Society was organized according to race

• According to the position of the pyramid, life, and activities

• Peninsulares or Gachupines

• Creoles

• Mestizos, Natives, and Slave

Multiple Choice

Who was the King of Spain after Ferdinand and Isabella?

• Juana la loca

• Charles III

• Charles V

Multiple Choice

How was New Spain's territory divided during the 16th century?

• Intendencias

• Audiencias

• Provincias

Multiple Choice

After "Audiencias," the territorial division was ...

• Intendencias

• States

• Provincias

Multiple Choice

Who was the head of New Spain in Spain?

• The Viceroy

• The King

• Real Consejo de Indias

Multiple Choice

Who was the head of New Spain in America?

• The Viceroy

• The King

• Real Audiencia

Multiple Choice

What is known as the "spiritual conquest"?

• The process of teaching religion to the natives

• The process of exploiting native workforce

• The process of conquering more territory

Multiple Choice

Why did priests teach religion to the natives?

• Because it was their duty and a necessity to control them.

• Because they were good Christians

• Because they were friends of the natives

Multiple Choice

Which was a consequence of that "spiritual conquest"?

• Many new Christians

• The mixing of cultures

• New territory

Multiple Choice

Who was in charge of teaching the faith to the natives?

• Encomenderos

• Clerical orders (priests)

• Conquerors

Multiple Choice

Which problems did they find?

• Language and previous religion

• Natives were difficult to find

• Religion was too difficult

Multiple Choice

Which was one solution to their problems while teaching religion?

• Priests learned native languages

• Priests taught Spanish to the natives

• They just gave up.

Multiple Choice

New Spain's social pyramid was divided according to ...

• Race

• Social Power

• Political Power

Multiple Choice

Who was at the top of the social pyramid in New Spain?

• Peninsulares

• Creoles

• Mestizos

Multiple Choice

Who were "criollos" or "creole"?

• Spaniards born in Spain

• Spaniards born in America

• Son of a Spaniard and a native

Multiple Choice

Who were "mestizos"?

• Son of a Spaniard and a native

• Son of a Spaniard and an African

• Spaniards born in America

Multiple Choice

Why was important racial division in New Spain?

• People's life was decided according to it.

• Some races were more important than others.

• They valued more pure blood.

Exploitation Systems

• Some land and natives were entrusted to an "encomendero"

• He needed to take care of them and natives must work in exchange.

• Obrajes were other ways of exploiting natives.

• Mining, farming, trading and goods production

Economy and Education

• America and Europe changed because of the exchange of products and animals

• Mining was the most important activity.

• Cities, farms, and trade around mines.

• Franciscans were the first teachers

• Jesuits set the first superior schools

• Escuelas de primeras letras, escuelas de segunda educación

New Spain Baroque

• Syncretism: the creation of a new culture due to the mix of other ones.

• European baroque had Italian origin and it is based on the fear of emptiness.

• New Spain baroque used European techniques with American topics and materials

• The most common topic in New Spain baroque was religion.

Multiple Choice

Which was the first exploitation system in New Spain?

• Obrajes

• Mitas

• Encomiendas

Multiple Choice

What was the purpose of the "encomienda"?

• To take care of the land and natives.

• To exploit natives as slaves.

• To enforce the Columbian Exchange.

Multiple Choice

Which was another exploitation system besides "encomienda"?

• Obrajes

• Naboríos

• Farms

Multiple Choice

What is the "Columbian Exchange"?

• The process of exchanging products, animals and even diseases between America and Europe.

• Columbus trips and first conquering journeys.

• The change of America because of the European influence

Multiple Choice

Which was the most important economical activity in New Spain?

• Mining

• Farming

• Trading

Multiple Choice

Who were the first teachers in New Spain?

• Franciscans

• Jesuits

• Dominicans

Multiple Choice

Who set the first superior schools or "Colegios Mayores" in New Spain?

• Franciscans

• Jesuits

• Dominicans

Multiple Choice

What educative level of New Spain is similar to secondary school?

• Escuela de segunda enseñanza

• Escuela de primeras letras

• Colegio Mayor

Multiple Choice

To what school most Spaniards and criollos attended?

• Escuela de primeras letras

• Escuela de segunda enseñanza

• Colegio Mayor

Multiple Choice

How was girls' education?

• They attended schools too

• They were educated at home

• They didn't learn anything at all.

Multiple Choice

What is syncretism?

• The creation of new culture based on the mixing process of others.

• The modification of a culture because of the influence of another.

• The resistance of a culture to change.

Multiple Choice

What is the origin of baroque?

• France

• Italy

• New Spain

Multiple Choice

What changed from European baroque to New Spain baroque?

• New Spain topics and materials

• European topics and New Spain materials

• Nothing at all

Multiple Choice

Where is most likely to find baroque paintings and sculptures?

• In old churches and museums

• In theaters

• In the downtown

Multiple Choice

Which is an example of baroque architecture?

• Mexico's Cathedral

• Palacio de Bellas Artes

• Torre Latinoamericana

Well Done!

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