Computer Science- Edgenuity Vocabulary

Computer Science

Edgenuity 1

Vocabulary

artificial intelligence

human thinking and problem solving by a machine, including learning, reasoning, and self-correction (AI)

biocomputing

computer technology that uses biological components to retrieve, process, and store data, or devices that are used to study biological organisms

Vocabulary

cloud computing

computing resources available on-demand over the Internet, providing users with off-site data are storage, management, and processing services

disruptive technology

an innovation that drastically changes businesses, industries, or consumer markets

Vocabulary

quantum computing

computer technology based on quantum mechanics, where data is stored using the quantum properties of particles, dramatically increasing computing capabilities

wearable technology

embedded device in accessories, clothing, and even the user’s body that have the ability to communicate over the Internet

Vocabulary

Difference Engine

a machine designed in 1822 by Charles Babbage to evaluate polynomials for given values to eight decimal places

graphical user interface

a system that offers users icons and images instead of only text commands (GUI)

Vocabulary

high-level programming language

a programming language that uses instructions that are close to everyday English

hypertext markup language

a standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages (HTML)

Vocabulary

integrated circuit

known as the computer chip, created by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in 1958

low-level programming language

a language written for computers, usually specific to the computer’s hardware, which is closer to machine language

Vocabulary

memory

internal component of a computer or device that stores programs and data, either temporarily or permanently, and is directly accessed by the CPU

Moore's Law

a prediction that processing speed would double every 2 years

Vocabulary

operating system

software that manages hardware resources and memory of a computing device, such as Windows, iOS, Android, and Ubuntu

parallel processing

the process of distributing program instructions to be executed across multiple processors working at the same time, making processing speed faster and more eff

Joseph Jacquard

In the 1800, he created a wooden punch card that could then be used with the loom to modify or dictate the weave and create the fabric. This was important because they could change the card to change the pattern of the fabric. The card played a role similar to a computer program

Charles Babbage

English inventor and mathematics professor at Cambridge University in England. While none of his machines were completed in his lifetime, in 1822, he designed the Difference Engine. The Difference Engine was designed entirely of mechanical components—brass gear wheels, rods, ratchets, pinions, etc. English inventor and mathematics professor at Cambridge University in England. While none of his machines were completed in his lifetime, in 1822, he designed the Difference Engine. The Difference Engine was designed entirely of mechanical components—brass gear wheels, rods, ratchets, pinions, etc. After Babbage died, his son Henry worked on the Analytic Engine, but it produced flawed results.

Ada Lovelace

English mathematician and writer who worked on the Analytical Engine with Babbage. She is given credit for creating the first algorithm. She is considered the first computer programmer

Herman Hollerith

designed electric counting machines for the 1880 census data to be processed using punch cards and a tabulating machine and later became a cofounder of the company that came to be known as IBM.

Vocabulary

transistor an electrical switch with solid materials, invented in 1947 to replace the vacuum tubes (second generation of computing)vacuum tubea glass tube containing electrodes used as a switch to produce on or off signals for the computer, 1904 (first generation of computing)

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Vocabulary

vacuum tube a glass tube containing electrodes used as a switch to produce on or off signals for the computer, 1904 (first generation of computing)

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Five Generations of Computers

First: The first generation of computers used vacuum tubes and punch cards.

Second: The use of transistors, to act as switches, in computers ushered in the second generation of computers in the 1950s. The second generation of computers did not last long.

Third: The use of transistors, to act as switches, in computers ushered in the second generation of computers in the 1950s. The second generation of computers did not last long.

Five Generations of Computers

Fourth: Fourth generation computers used microprocessors, which are still used today.

Fifth: Finally, the last generation of computers utilize AI to learn, make decisions, and correct actions. AI is in cars, chatbots, robots, smart watches, smartphones, and other everyday items. This generation also brought you the internet and WiFi.

Douglas Engelbart

invention of a computer mouse in 1964