RESEARCH ETHICS

RESEARCH ETHICS

Multiple Choice

Researchers may disclose the answer of a respondent to another respondent for reference purpose.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Researchers may disclose the result of investigation to the respondents.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Researchers may decide on behalf of the participant who cannot decide.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Researchers may answer the question in case the participant cannot answer the question.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Respondents may refuse to participate.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The researcher may use recorders, videos, pictures secretly to ensure transparency of respondents answer.

• True

• False

LEARNING TARGETS:

I can:

Explain the principles of research ethics

WHAT IS ETHICS?

1. The study of the general nature of morals and of the specific moral choices to be made by a person

2. Norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior

3. Seeks to resolve questions dealing with human morality—concepts such as: – good and evil, – right and wrong, – virtue and vice

WHAT IS RESEARCH ETHICS?

1. Involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to research.

2. It is most developed as a concept in medical research, but in some form is essential for all research

RESEARCH ETHICS in the Medical and Heath Fields set the limits and boundaries of:

1. human experimentation,

2. animal experimentation,

3. various aspects of scientific misconduct (such as fraud, fabrication of data and plagiarism).

RESEARCH ETHICS in the other fields involves moral principles regarding

1. confidentiality

2. beneficence of participants

3. accuracy of data and plagiarism.

Historically speaking, research ethics developed only 50-60 years ago, as a result of the issues about the following:

• German Nazi Experimentations ( during World War II)

• Thalidomide Tragedy (in 1950s)

• Human Radiation Experiments (in 1960s), Willowbrook Studies ( 1963-1996), Milgram"s Obedience Studies

• Tuskegee Syphillis Experiment (1932-1972), Stanford Prison Experiment (in 1971)

Outcome of these Unethical Researches Establishment of several codes of action:

• Nuremberg Code (1948).

• NIH Ethics Committee (1964)

• Declaration of Helsinki (1964, ’75, ’83, ’89, ’00)

• Beecher “Ethics & Clinical Research” (1966)

• 1973 Congressional Hearings on Quality of Heath Care and Human Experimentation

• National Research Act of 1974 - Established the IRB system.

• Belmont Report (1979)

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS

1. RESPECT FOR PERSONS

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS

2. BENEFICENCE (or NONMALEFICENCE)

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS

3. JUSTICE

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH ETHICS

4. HONESTY AND OBJECTIVITY