PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS XI

PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS XI

Rumus kalimat passive kata kerja selalu

Be

+ V3/past participle

Perubahan TO BE berdasarkan Tenses:

1.      Simple Present tense : is, am , are

2.      Past Tense : was, were

3.      Future Tense : be

4.      Continuous Tense : being

5.      Perfect Tense : been

 

Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif

1. Active : Jack sings a song (active) ( Present Tense)

                    S     V      O

   Passive :A song is sung by Jack (Passive)

                  S         V         O

2. Active : Jack sang a song yesterday.  ( Past Tense)

     S     V       O      A

   Passive : A song was sung by Jackyesterday (passive)

3. Active : Jack will sing a song. ( Future Tense )

   Passive : A song will be sung by Jack.

4. Active : Jack is singing a song. (Continuous Tense)

    Passive : A song is being sung by Jack.

5.Active : Jack has sung a song. ( Perfect Tense )

  Passive : A song has been sung by Jack.

 

Negative dari passive.

Jack does not sing a song.

Prinsip kalimat b ing. Ada 2 unsur:

1.      Kata kerja auxiliary / kt kerja bantu

Can, may , must , shall , will, to be , to have , to do

To be : is , am , are

To have : have, has, had

To do : do , does, did

Contoh :

1.      I am a student. (+)

              I am not a student. (-)

               Are you a student? (?)

2.      I can do this exercise. ( +)

I cannot ( can’t) do this exercise. (-)

 

 

2.      Kata kerja

Kalau ingin membuat kalimat negative maupun interrogative maka

Diperlukan kata kerja bantu Do, Does atau Did berdasarkan tenses nya.

Contoh :

1.      We study English in the classroom. (+ )

We don’t study English in the classroom. (-)

2.      He studies English in the classroom.(+)

He does not study English in the classroom.

PASSIVE VOICE/ KALIMAT PASIF

By: Nina Noegraheni

Kalimat Pasif yaitu kalimat yang subyeknya dikenai pekerjaan, dapat dibentuk dari kalimat aktif ( kalimat yang subyeknya melakukan tindakan ) dengan cara sebagai berikut

1. Subyek kalimat aktif berubah menjadi objek pelaku kalimat pasif.

2. Sebaliknya, objek kalimat aktif berubah menjadi subyek kalimat pasif.

3. Predikat kalimat pasif selalu terdiri dari ;

TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE/Kt kerja bentuk ke-3/V-3

PEDOMAN PEMAKAIAN TO BE :

1. S Present Tense : is, am , are

2. S Past Tense : was, were

3. Continuous T : being

4. Future tense : be

5. P Perfect Tense : been

Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:

Contoh:

1. Simple Present Tense

Active : John writes a letter.

Passive : A letter is written by John.

Active : John writes two letters.

Passive : Two letters are written by John.

2. Simple Past tense:

Active : John wrote a letter.

Passive : A letter was written by John.

Active : John wrote two letters.

Passive : Two letters were written by John.

3. Present Continuous Tense:

Active : John is writing a letter.

Passive : A letter is being written by John.

Active : John is writing two letters.

Passive : Two letters are being written by John.

4. Simple Future Tense:

Active : John will write a letter.

Passive : A letter will be written by John.

Active : John will write two letters.

Passive : two letters will be written by John.

5. Present Perfect Tense :

Active : John has written a letter.

Passive : A letter has been written by John.

Active : John has written two letters.

Passive : two letters have been written by John.

KETERANGAN

1. Bila yang melakukan tindakan belum tertentu orangnya, maka

obyek pelaku kalimat pasif seperti : by him, by her, by someone,

by them, by people, dsb, dapat dihilangkan.

Contoh:

 People speak English all over the world

English is spoken all over the world ( by people)

* Someone stole my car.

My car was stolen ( by someone)

2. Objek pelaku kalimat pasif harus tetap ditulis bila yang melakukan

tindakan sudah tertentu orangnya, misalnya: by John, by Columbus, by

Inem, dsb.

Contoh;

 Chairil Anwar wrote ‘Aku’.

‘Aku’ was written by Chairil Anwar.

 Columbus discovered America in 1492.

America was discovered by Columbus in 1492.

3. Kalimat aktif dengan dua buah objek, yakni obyek langsung dan obyek tak

langsung ( direct and indirect object), mempunyai dua bentuk pasif.

Active :My father gives me a pen.

Io do

Io = indirect object

Do= direct object

Passive:

a. I am given a pen by my father.

3

b. A pen is given to me by my father.

Active : Adi told her some stories.

Passive :

a. She was told some stories by Adi.

b. Some stories were told to her by Adi.

4. Yang dapat dijadikan passive hanyalah kalimat aktif yang predikatnya berupa : Transitive Verb yakni kata kerja yang masih memerlukan Object. Sedangkan kalimat aktif dengan Intransitive Verb ( kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan Object) tidak dapat dijadikan passive.

Contoh :

Transitive Verbs : buy, bring, give, tell, do, visit, drink, eat, agree, dicover, write, etc.

- He writes ------ WHAT-------?

Ia menulis------ Apa-----------?

Jadi kata kerja ‘Writes’ masih membutuhkan atau menuntut adanya Object atau pelengkap.

Intransitive Verbs: go, arrive, sleep, look, seem, appear, bleed etc.

Dengan tanpa object atau pelengkap, kalimat yang menggunakan jenis kata kerja ini sudah bisa dimengerti

Object atau pelengkap.

Intransitive Verbs: go, arrive, sleep, look, seem, appear, bleed etc.

Dengan tanpa object atau pelengkap, kalimat yang menggunakan jenis kata kerja ini sudah bisa dimengerti.

Contoh:

They sleep soundly.

Marina just arrived from school.

Tina seems so tired.

You look very handsome.

All students come on time.

The man appears strange and suspicious.

( semua contoh kalimat di atas tidak dapat dijadikan pasif sebab tidak memiliki OBYEK.

Change/convert into passive

1. She calls me.

2. He killed the dog.

3. He is closing the door.

4. She wrote a letter yesterday.

5. People don’t use this road very often.

6. I didn’t receive the letter last week.

7. Somebody has cleaned the room.

8. Police arrested two men last night.

9. Did you help him?

10. They don’t watch the film.

11. My father is not driving a car now.

12. Does she make the dress?

13. Have you sent the letter?

14. I did not do my homework last night.

15. He will switch on the light.

16. I am not expecting her reply.

17. I have not found my favourite pen.

18. He can answer the question correctly.

19. A storm damaged the roof of the building a few days ago.

20. Somebody is following us.

Object atau pelengkap.

Intransitive Verbs: go, arrive, sleep, look, seem, appear, bleed etc.

Dengan tanpa object atau pelengkap, kalimat yang menggunakan jenis kata kerja ini sudah bisa dimengerti.

Contoh:

They sleep soundly.

Marina just arrived from school.

Tina seems so tired.

You look very handsome.

All students come on time.

The man appears strange and suspicious.

( semua contoh kalimat di atas tidak dapat dijadikan pasif sebab tidak memiliki OBYEK.

2. Simple Past tense:

Active : John wrote a letter.

Passive : A letter was written by John.

Active : John wrote two letters.

Passive : Two letters were written by John.