Introducing Relative Clauses

Introducing Relative Clauses

In module 9 we will talk about the workplace and relative clauses.

Speaking time

What did you do last week? What are you going to do to improve during this semester?

Relative Clauses

We have two kinds of Relative clauses

Relative Clauses

• Defining Relative Clauses

• Non-defining Relative Clauses

But before we start with the clauses...

What is a relative pronoun?

What is a relative pronoun?

A relative pronoun connects a clause with the subject. The clauses provide more information about the subject.

Examples:

• The boy who is wearing a hat is my little brother.

• Marie Curie is the woman who discovered radiation.

• El Pital is the only place in El Salvador where it snows.

• Cats are the only domestic animals which domesticated themselves.

Especial rules

1. Without the main sentence, a relative clause doesn't make sense.

Examples:

• who is wearing a hat.

• who discovered radiation.

• where it snows.

• which domesticated themselves.

Multiple Choice

Florence Nightingale was a woman _____ saved many lives.

• What

• Who

• Which

Multiple Choice

Beethoven was a musician _____ composed many songs.

• What

• Which

• Who

Multiple Choice

San Salvador, _____ is the capital of El Salvador, is in the middle of the country.

• Who

• What

• Which

Multiple Choice

Izalco is one of the few places in our country_____ native people preserve their culture.

• What

• Where

• Whose

Multiple Choice

This is the town _____ a grew up when I was a kid.

• Where

• Which

• How

Defining Relative Clauses

This clauses give us more information about a Noun.

Defining Relative Clauses

• Everyone who applied to the job had to send a short video.

• The Great Barrier Reef is a place where is always sunny.

• The money which you receive for your job is called salary.

Relative Pronouns

• Who is for a person or people

• Whose is to indicate possesion from a person or people

• Which is for things and animals

• Where is for places

Who is for a person or people.

• She is the woman who answered my question.

• Rachel is the doctor who helped my grandmother.

• I met a stylist who cuts hair really well.

Whose is to indicate possesion from a person or people

• Tomy is a man whose job is to test water slides.

• He is the Police officer whose car was involved in an accident,

• The man whose daughter won the racing competition is a driving veteran

Which is for things and animals

• Amphibians are animals which can live in both water and land.

• This is a free discount coupon which came with the mail.

• The laptop which was asigned to me has started to make weird noises.

Where is for places

• This is the office where Lucy works.

• Tokyo is where the olympics are taking place.

• Australia is where the headquarters are located.

Especial Rules

1. You may use when to refer to time or to a point in time.

When

• December is when it gets cold here.

• Last year is when I got promoted to a better position.

• I always remember the day when we met Mr. Obama.

Especial Rules

2. you can replace who and which with "that" but this is only in informal and spoken situations.

WHO/THAT

• She is the woman who/that answered my question.

• Rachel is the doctor who/that helped my grandmother.

• I met a stylist who/that cuts hair really well.

WHICH/THAT

• Amphibians are animals which/that can live in both water and land.

• This is a free discount coupon which/that came with the mail.

• The laptop which/that was asigned to me has started to make weird noises.

REMEMBER

• A defining relative clause gives more information about the noun it is describing.

• The defining relative clause comes after the noun.

• Without the defining relative clause, the sentence doesn't make sense.

A defining relative clause gives more information about the noun it is describing.

• Africa is a continent which has 54 countries.

The defining relative clause comes after the noun.

• This is the school where I went when I was a kid.

Without the defining relative clause, the sentence doesn't make sense.

• He is the doctor ...

• The cat is an animal ...

Multiple Choice

Bob is the agent

• Who helped me find a Hotel

• Which helped me find a Hotel

• Whose helped me find a Hotel

• Where helped me find a Hotel

• When helped me find a Hotel

Multiple Choice

Russia is the country

• Who Moscow is

• Where Moscow is

• Which Moscow is

• When Moscow is

• Whose Moscow is

Multiple Choice

Milan is the italian municipality

• Who more salvadoreans live

• Which more salvadoreans live

• When more salvadoreans live

• Where more salvadoreans live

• Whose more salvadoreans live

Multiple Choice

This is a job

• Who most young people would love

• Where most young people would love

• Which most young people would love

• When most young people would love

• Whose most young people would love

Multiple Choice

There is a lot of people

• Where would like to have her job

• Which would like to have her job

• Whose would like to have her job

• When would like to have her job

• Who would like to have her job

Multiple Choice

Our company can expect more sales

• Who the summer collection comes out

• Where the summer collection comes out

• When the summer collection comes out

• Which the summer collection comes out

• Whose the summer collection comes out

Multiple Select

China is the nation

• That holds the most medals in the olympics

• Who holds the most medals in the olympics

• Where holds the most medals in the olympics

• Which holds the most medals in the olympics

Multiple Select

Rory is the salesperson

• Where works in the night shift

• Who works in the night shift

• That works in the night shift

• Which works in the night shift

Multiple Select

Suchitoto is the only place in El Salvador

• Which you can Enjoy an International Film Festival

• That you can Enjoy an International Film Festival

• Where you can Enjoy an International Film Festival

• When you can Enjoy an International Film Festival

Non-defining Relative Clauses

They provide extra information about a noun, but they aren't necessary for the sentence to make sense.

They provide extra information about a noun, but they aren't necessary for the sentence to make sense.

• My mother, who is an accountant, is 45 years old.

• My mother is 45 years old.

The Non-defining relative clause usually goes between commas.

• Justin Bieber, who was discovered in Youtube, became a star at a very young age.

• Stockholm, which is the capital of Sweden, is located in fourteen islands.

We use who to talk about a person or people.

• My grandmother, who is 90 years old, used to be a Nomad.

• Bill Hocking, who is 81 years old, is the UK's oldest fisherman.

• Tracey Norman, who lives in New York, was the first African-American transgender model.

We use whose to refer to possession from a person or people.

• Jace, whose dog I am taking care of, is traveling around the world for six months.

• Matthew, whose mom is an Ambassador, wants to become an interpreter.

• Lisa, whose family live in Lyon, is visiting France next winter.

We use which to refer to animals or things.

• Dogs, which were domesticated 14,000 years ago, can be trained to help Firefighters and Rescue brigades.

• Cats, which domesticated themselves, can be trained to help people who suffer psychological problems.

We use where to refer to places.

• I want to travel to France, where the Palace of Versailles is.

• San Vicente, where everyone goes, has really good pastries and traditional candy.

Especial rules

1. When may also be used to refer to time.

1. When may also be used to refer to time.

• December, when people celebrate New Year's eve, is the last month of the year.

• October 31st, when people dress up in the USA, is not celebrated in many Latin American countries.

Especial rules

2. we do not use "THAT" in Non-defining relative clauses.

Open Ended

My grandmother, _____ , travels to Guatemala every year.

Open Ended

Ariana Grande, _____, has won many music awards.

Open Ended

The Louvre Museum, _____, is in Rue de Rivoli.

Open Ended

Mount Fuji, _____, is located in Honshū in Japan.

Open Ended

Lewis, _____, wants to become a Pilot.

Open Ended

The Lord of The Rings, _____, is the most sold book around the world.

Open Ended

Shakira, _____, released her first album in 1995.