AP- Rhetorical Analysis

Rhetorical Strategies:

Rhetorical Analysis

Objectives

• We will evaluate the author's purpose, audience, and message, how the use of text structure to achieve the author’s purpose, how the author's diction and syntax contribute to the mood, voice, and tone of a text, and analyze the effects of rhetorical devices and logical fallacies on the way the text is read and understood.

• We will plan, draft, and compose a rhetorical analysis essay using genre characteristics and craft.

What's the difference?

Literary Analysis vs Rhetorical Analysis

The difference between a Literary Analysis and a Rhetorical Analysis is...

• Literary analysis often concerns the ideas and themes in work.

• Rhetorical analysis is a way to examine other aspects: the elements involved, the techniques used, the context for the writing, and the author's overall stance.

Multiple Choice

• Literary analysis 

• • often concerns the ideas and themes in work.

• • is a way to examine other aspects: the elements involved, the techniques used, the context for the writing, and the author's overall stance.

• Examining a literary work solely to identify and list plot events and character descriptions without considering their deeper meanings or thematic significance

Multiple Choice

• Rhetorical analysis

• • is a way to examine other aspects: the elements involved, the techniques used, the context for the writing, and the author's overall stance.

• •  often concerns the ideas and themes in work.

• Simply identifying persuasive techniques or devices used by the author without considering the broader context or purpose of the text

Rhetorical Analysis Introduction

All authors write for a purpose. An author’s purpose may be to persuade, inform, entertain (easy as PIE), or some combination of reasons. An essay that analyzes how an author achieves that purpose through the use of language, or rhetoric, is called a rhetorical analysis.

Multiple Choice

What are the three author's purposes?

• persuade, inform and entertain

• entertain, provide purpose, and inform

• identify a problem, entertain, and persuade

How do you write a Rhetorical Analysis?

When you write a rhetorical analysis, you will identify one or more rhetorical strategies the author uses and explore the possible effects those strategies have on the reader. To do this, you will need to provide examples and evidence of rhetorical devices (such as repetition, allusion, or analogy) and rhetorical appeals (logos, pathos, or ethos) from the text. These examples and evidence can be used to evaluate how effectively an author achieves his or her purpose.

Ethos. Pathos. Logos.

Key Idea

The purpose of an advertisement is to persuade people to do something. To accomplish this purpose, advertisements use three types of persuasive strategies, or appeals.

• say that a brand has been trusted for many years

• include an endorsement from a respected organization, such as the American Dental Association

• feature a testimonial from a "real person" who shares the audience's values

• use an admired celebrity or athlete as a spokesperson

Writing

Logos.

Key Idea

Appeals to logos, or reason, use logic and verifiable evidence. An ad that appeals to logos might do one of the following:

• use graphs or charts to display information

• cite results of clinical trials or independently conducted studies

• explain the science behind a product or service

• emphasize that the product is a financially wise choice

• anticipate and refute potential counterclaims
  

Writing

Multiple Choice

Which is logos?

Pathos.

Key Idea

Appeals to pathos, or emotion, use feelings rather than facts to persuade the audience. An ad that appeals to pathos might do one of the following:

• trigger a fear, such as the fear of embarrassment

• appeal to a desire, such as the desire to appear attractive

• link the product to a positive feeling, such as adventure, love, or luxury
  

Writing

Multiple Choice

Which option is pathos?

Ethos.

Key Idea

Appeals to ethos, ethics. an appeal that tries to make people think you can believe or trust a person (look for the use of famous people and their words, expert opinions, etc...

• sounding fair or unbiased

• introducing their expertise or background

• Famous people endorsements

  
  

Writing

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

CLICK ON THE PICTURE

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Analyzing Rhetorical Devices in "I Have a Dream" by Martin Luther King, Jr.

Martin Luther King, Jr was a powerful speaker. He used some rhetorical devices to help make his message more persuasive. 

Rhetorical Devices:

• ways writers and speakers use words that make their message more effective

• They use these devices to emphasize, explain, unify ideas, and to persuade.

Multiple Choice

What are rhetorical devices?

• words used in poetry

• words writers and speakers use that can explain, persuade, unify ideas, or emphasize.

There are many kinds of rhetorical devices.

Here are a few to get you started!

Remember our basic Rhetorical Appeals...

• Logos- an appeal to our logic or reasoning (specific reasons, data, numbers)

• Pathos- an appeal to our emotions (emotional words; images that try to create strong emotions)

• Ethos- an appeal that tries to make people think you can believe or trust a person (look for the use of famous people and their words, expert opinions, etc...

Multiple Choice

The appeal of Ethos might use _________ to try to persuade a person

• numbers

• famous people

• emotional words

Multiple Choice

Pathos is an appeal to our--

• emotions

• logic

• trust in an expert

Multiple Choice

______ may be used in logos to appeal to our logic

• Reasons

• Numbers

• Reasons and numbers

Allusion

• it is a reference to a well known person, place, event, movie, book, or song.

• Example- If I bet more pets, I will have to build an ark. (a reference to Noah who built a large boat for animals )

• Example- Carl and Joe went to the movies. Joe never had any money, so before they got there, Carl said, "Show me the money." (show me the money is an allusion to a line in the movie, "Jerry McGuire.

Multiple Choice

What is the allusion in this sentence? Sally had a smile that rivaled the Mona Lisa.

• Sally

• smile

• Mona Lisa

Repetition: Repeating a word or phrase in order to emphasize an idea.

• Example “Nory was a Catholic because her mother was a Catholic, and Nory’s mother was a Catholic because her father was a Catholic, and her father was a Catholic because his mother was a Catholic, or had been.” Nicholson Baker, The Everlasting Story of Nory

• "I want her to live. I want her to breathe. I want her to aerobicize." Weird Science

Multiple Choice

Look at the picture. What phrase is repeated?

• I want to...

• touch the flame

Metaphor- a comparison between 2 unlike things

• Example- You are my sunshine. ( You and sunshine are being compared. The writer of this song wants us to understand that "you" is a person who is like sunshine in some way.

• My teacher is a witch. (The teacher is being compared to a witch. She is probably mean like a witch)

Simile- a comparison between 2 unlike things using the words like or as to connect the comparison.

• Example- He eats like a pig. (He is compared to a pig. The boy probably is messy when he eats.)

• Example-John ran like the wind. (John ran very fast just like the wind.)

Multiple Select

Which of these is a metaphor?

two correct answers!

• This school is a prison.

• School is like a prison.

• Love is a rose.

• Love is like a rose.

Multiple Select

Which of these is a simile?

2 !!

• Love is like a rose.

• Love is a rose.

• The runner was as fast as a hurricane.

• The runner was a hurricane.

What is the purpose of a Rhetorical Analysis?

Writing a rhetorical analysis allows you not only to examine the ways in which an author achieves his or her purpose, but also to take the opportunity to consider the ways in which language can have an effect on an audience. 

Vocabulary

• purpose - the reason for or goal of doing something

• rhetoric - the art of speaking and writing persuasively

• rhetorical analysis - an essay that analyzes how an author achieves his or her purpose through the use of rhetoric

Checklist for Rhetorical Analysis

Take Notes. Title is above.
name and date your notes in the top RIGHT corner of your composition.

In order to prepare to write a rhetorical analysis, do the following:

• Determine the author’s purpose

• Identify the author’s central argument or idea in the text

• Identify rhetorical appeals, or types of persuasion - logos, ethos, pathos

Preparing to write a Rhetorical Analysis Continued...

• Identify rhetorical devices that the author uses to strengthen his or her argument (metaphors, analogies, irony, sarcasm, repetition, rhetorical question, summary, paraphrase)

To write a rhetorical analysis, use the following questions as a guide:

• What is the author’s purpose? How do I know?

• What is the author’s central argument or idea? Where does the author present that idea?

• How does the author try to persuade the reader? Where does the author include appeals to logic, emotion, or values and beliefs?

• What devices does the author use to strengthen his or her argument? How do those devices strengthen the argument? How are they effective or ineffective in persuading the reader?

The Wrap Up

How does this all work together?

So far we have covered...

• Organizing literary analysis

• Making inferences

• Commentary (in relation to argumentative text)

• Author's purpose and message

• Figurative Language

​EXIT TICKET TIME!

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

What is a metaphor?

• ^{A metaphor is a comparison, but it doesn't use "like" and it says one thing IS another.}

• when you say a hint to someone

• when you compare with someone saying like

• I don´t know

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Select

Check all responses that ARE similes.

• Watching this movie is like watching grass grow.

• Those kids are fighting like cats and dogs.

• I like to eat steak and potatoes.

• He should have threw it away as he walked by the trash can.

• He is as fast as a cheetah.

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

Which phrase is NOT a simile?

• He's a workhorse.

• He's as strong as an ox.

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

Which phrase IS a simile?

• It is ice cold in this room.

• You're as cold as ice.

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

CLICK ON THE PICTURE

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

This is a simile:

He is as nutty as a fruitcake.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

Which sentence is an example of metaphor?

• You are like an elephant.

• You are like a lion.

• You are fire.

• I don´t know.

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

"Research compiled by analysts from NASA, as well as organizations from five other nations with space programs, suggests that a moon colony is viable with international support."

This is an example of which type of rhetorical device?

• Ethos

• Logos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a metaphor?

• Her eyes are like the ocean.

• The keiki was a statue when the dog attacked.

Multiple Choice

Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Logos

• Ethos

• Pathos