Cambridge Global English 8 - Unit 1

Cambridge Global English 8 - Unit 1

LESSON 1

​VOCABULARY

​- native language

​- foreign language

​- bilingual (n, adj)

​- fluent (adj)

​- extinct (adj)

​DETERMINERS

​

​

​Either và Neither làm từ hạn định (determiner)

​A. EITHER

- Either + danh từ số ít đếm được: nói về 2 sự lựa chọn hoặc 2 khả năng (hoặc cái này hoặc cái kia). .

Ex: Either school will be fine because they're both good.

​

- Either + of + object pronoun: cả 2

Cấu trúc either of + 1 đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ (thường là us, you, them)

Ex: I know Clara and Jason. Either of them loves volleyball.

​

- Either + of + từ hạn định + danh từ số nhiều

Các từ hạn định thường dùng: a, an, the, my, his, their, this, that

Ex: Either of the dishes is delicious. (Cả hai món ăn đều rất ngon miệng)

• Either of his cars was broken last month. (Tháng rồi cả hai chiếc xe của anh ta đều hư hết)

​B. NEITHER

- Neither là phủ định của either (không cái này mà cũng không cái kia)

- Neither + danh từ đếm được số ít: đưa ra lời phủ định về 2 vật/người.

    Ex: Neither parent can come to the meeting.

- Neither + of + object pronoun => động từ phải chia ở số ít

 Chỉ có 3 ĐTNXTN được dùng với neither of là you, them, us.

     Ex: Neither of us knows that Mr. Blank passed away (Không ai trong chúng tôi biết rằng thầy Blank đã qua đời)

- Neither + of + từ hạn định + danh từ số nhiều

Các từ hạn định (determiner) thường dùng trong cấu trúc này là: a, an, the, my, his, their, this, that, động từ phải chia theo ngôi thứ ba số ít (dù danh từ ở dạng số nhiều)

Ví dụ:

• Neither of my friends knows how my brother looks like. (Không có đứa bạn nào của tôi biết mặt anh trai tôi)

• Neither of the dresses suited me. (Không có cái váy nào vừa với tôi cả)

​Either và Neither làm Liên từ

​ Neither … nor và either ... or tạo thành 2 cặp liên từ tương quan.

Neither... nor: diễn tả sự phủ định kép (không cái này cũng không cái kia)

Either...or: diễn tả sự lựa chọn (hoặc là cái này, hoặc là cái kia)

​Lưu ý:

- Ta sử dụng neither, không phải none, khi nhắc đến 2 người/vật

I know Jack and Piper. Neither of them is good. (Tôi biết Jack và Piper. Không ai tốt lành cả)

NOT: None of them

​

- Không sử dụng both of + not trong câu phủ định

Neither of us will go to school today. (Cả 2 chúng tôi sẽ không tới trường hôm nay)

NOT: Both of us will not go to school today.

​Choose the correct word (either, neither, or both)

​1. ............. of us liked the party. We met all our friends.

​2. ................ Leila nor Amy passed the exam.

​3. He ................. sings nor dances.

4. ​He thinks that ............... his wife and her mother were lying to him.

​5. .................. of the two kids did the homework. They had spent their time playing computer games.

​6. You should have ................... your passport or your ID card available to pass the European borders.

​​7. "Would you like coffee or tea?" ".................. will do for me."

​8. He showed us two apartments but we didn't like .................. of them.

​9. Can .................. you or Lisa take me to the station?

​10. ...................... of them could take me to the station, so I had to take a taxi.

​11. A: Are you from Spain or from Italy? B: .................. I'm from Portugal.

​12. ....................can win this game.

​13. With a tourist visa, you can ....................... work nor study.

​14. He showed us two apartments but we didn't like ..................... of them.

​​15. .................... John and Sara were invited.

​16. You can choose .................... of those two presents. Which one do you prefer?

​17. I didn't like _____ of the films. Both of them were boring.

​18. He was _____ handsome nor unattractive. He was average.

​19. A: Are you at home or at work? B: _____. I'm in the car.

​20. You can _____ drive or take the train.

​

​

​

​

​NOTES:

- All => plural verb

​- Every => singular verb

​- Each => singular verb

​Each or Every ????

​1. ................ of the students has three books.

2. There is a bus ............... 2 hours.

3. There are four worksheets - please take one of ..................

4. We enjoyed ................... minute of our holidays.

5. .................. student has written an e-mail.

6. .................. answer is worth 2 points.

​7. They're open ................. day except Sunday.

​8. I call ................... of my children weekly.

​9. The teacher wants to speak to ................ student in his office.

​10. She had a child holding on to ............... hand.

​​Choose the correct word (all, every, each)

​1. Are you going to stay in the bath .................... day?

2. My brother and my sister have ................. got one child.

3. ................. parent wants the best for his or her children

4. ............. truth is not good to be told.

5..................... hotel in the town was full.

6. I haven't had any sleep at all. The baby hasn't stopped crying ............. night.

7. Close your eyes. Now open ................... one slowly: first the left, then the right.

8. ............... time she phones him, the line is engaged.

9. They both work for the same bank, but .............. of them is in a different branch.

10. ................ the same, I would like to know what happened.

11. He handed .................... of them a photo.

12. Take one tablet ................... four hours.

LESSON 2

VOCABULARY​

​- eastern (n, adj)

​- population (n)

​- independent (n, adj)

​- isolated (adj)

​- communities (n)

​- develop (v)

​- official language

​- percentage (n)

​- English-based

​- creole (n)

​- pidgin (n)

​CONJUNCTIONS

​

​- Even though, though và although giống nhau về mặt ngữ nghĩa và ngữ pháp.

​- Even though được dùng để diễn tả sự tương phản mạnh mẽ hơn so với Although và Though.

​ALTHOUGH/THOUGH/EVEN THOUGH => SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ

​WHEREAS/WHILE => SỰ TƯƠNG PHẢN

​

​I. WHEREAS expresses a CONTRAST: it is used to express a contrast between two facts or two ideas and means the same as: « on the other hand ». WHEREAS cannot be used to express TIME.

- Paul likes action films whereas Lennie mostly watches detective stories. 

- Patrick speaks French and Spanish fluently whereas his brother Philip isn't good at languages at all. 

​II. WHILE expresses TIME and introduces a time clause. WHILE means : « at the same time » or : « during the time ».

- While the kids were having a nap, the mom could  have a relaxing bath. 

​Choose the correct word (Although, while, whereas)

​1. ..................... it rained all day, we enjoyed the party very much.

2. He was feeling very ill. ........................ he went to school.

3. He is delighted .........................I am here.

4. ............................ we did all the job, they enjoyed themselves.

5. They didn't go to the party, .................... they were invited.

6. She is the best student in that school. ...................... she doesn't do her homework on time.

7. He failed his exam ...................... he studied very hard.

8. Chicken meat is white, ...................the meat of an ox is red.

​9. ................... she was playing, I was studying.

10. ....................... I don’t agree with him, I think he’s honest.

​11. Mr Pike is very generous ................... his wife is very mean.

​12. ......................... he was tired, he tried to finish his work.