PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEWER

PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEWER

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Can be found at the base of the brain?

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Recite the 6  Layers of Cerebral Cortex

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The cerebral hemispheres are given information from the opposite sides of the body.

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The inner layer of cerebral cortex is made up of?

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This control the voluntary movements of specified body parts (motor cortex)

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Where visual stimuli are processed

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Integrates sensory information from various modalities, especially spatial awareness and navigation (visuospatial processing)

and

Touch sensations are processed (somatosensory cortex)

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Auditory processing

Integral for language comprehension

(Wernicke’s area)

Plays a part in emotional and motivational behavior

Memory formation

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Hollow structures in the brain that are connected to the central canal of the spinal cord.

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A combination of nerves which carry motor, sensory, and autonomic signals and connect the spinal cord with the rest of the body

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Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN IX)

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Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(X)

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

CN III

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Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(XII)

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oAn outer layer consisting of _______ that is supported by an inner layer made up of white matter.

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each Grooves have _______

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Small Grooves are called

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN V)

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one groove is called?

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One bulge is called?

Multiple Choice

Stimulates the conversion in the liver of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis)

• Sympathetic 

• Parasympatethic

Multiple Choice

Moves blood away from viscera and the skin to the skeletal muscles, brain and heart

• Sympathetic

• Parasympathetic

Multiple Choice

Increases blood flow to the viscera and the skin. 

• Parasympathetic

• sympathetic

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what are the 4 lobes in our brain?

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Bulges between adjacent sulci is called?

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN I)

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN II)

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Large Grooves are called?

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The Wrinkles in The brain are called?

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2 Divisons of Midbrain

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN VII)

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This Helps to integrate vouluntary movement  

and

Dopaminergic cell loss results in the development of Parkinson’s disease

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(XI)

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Sensory receptors transmit information through the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) while auditory information is sent through the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN).

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Is a small area with widespread connections to the rest of the forebrain and midbrain.

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Is located at the bottom of the hypothalamus and is approximately the size of a pea.

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Releases oxytoxin, which maintains uterine contractions while women are in labor and prostrate contractions in males.

and

It also releases antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin; this prompts the kidneys to reabsorb water, thereby conserving bodily fluids; it concentrates the urine  

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN IV)

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Plays a role in the regulation of basic body movements

and

Controls posture modifications and the swinging of arms when walking

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releases hormones that regulate other endocrine glands in humans; the hormones include somatotrophin and thyrotrophin.

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What are the 2 parts of the largest region of the brain

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Plays a role in hearing

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Plays a role in sight and regulating eye movements

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Plays a role in the descending modulation of pain and in defensive behavior

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It is the important system in physiological Psychology?

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What are 2 division of Nervous system?

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Involved in arousal

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is involved in how we experience feelings of fear and anger

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plays a key part in emotional processing and has been linked to the experience of pain

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has an essential role in memory

and

injury can result in an inability to store and recall memory

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support numerous different functions such as emotion, behavior and memory

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN VI)

Open Ended

Name The Cranial Nerve and  give its function

(CN VIII)

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consist of three principal nuclei:

Caudate nucleus, Putamen, Globus pallidus

Ang Nerve ay iba sa Veins

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​Vein(ugat)-Connected to arteries part of circulatory system

Multiple Choice

This Transmits Neural impulses

• Nerve

• Vein

Multiple Choice

This transmits Blood, oxygen, and nutrients  that was not in the bloodstream

• Vein

• Nerve

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This Composed of Billions of Cells

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The Central Nervous System is composed of?

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where is our brain connected?

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Spinal cord is made of what?

A single cell in nervous system is called neuron or nerve cell

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​pag madami sila ang tawag dun nerves

​behavior is processed in the central nervous system particularly the brain

Spinal Cord Does the processing on its own through REFLEXES

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It is  made up of all the nerves in our body

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What are the 2 divisions of Peripheral Nervous system?

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

 

-       Soma (body)

-       Actions and movements were controlled by the Somatic Nervous System

-       Responsible for voluntary behaviors (movement)

-       Muscles and skeleton

 

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​ AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

 

-       Internal organs

-       Involuntary (Ex. Beating of the heart)

 

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SYMPATHETIC

-       Stressful

-       If stress, autonomics nervous system were activated

-       Ex. Shocked – beating of the heart

 

PARASYMPATHETIC

-       Peaceful

-       Bring to normal phase of functioning

Multiple Select

Actions and movements were controlled by the Somatic Nervous System

• Heart beat

• Blinking

• exercise

• Talking

​NEURON IS AN INDIVIDUAL NERVE CELL

​THE NEURON

​S I M I L A R I T I E S    W /   O T H E R    C E L S S

​Encased in a cell membrane (also known as plasma membrane)

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Nucleus contains chromosomes and genetic information

-       Nucleus (code) // genes

-       Cell synthesize protein that depends on the genes

-Consist of cytoplasm (cell body) and other organelles

-Basic cellular processes occur

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​MAIN FUNCTION OF THE CELL IS TO SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS

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It is fatty layer of protein

Multiple Select

Actions under Autonomic Nervous System

• walking

• Digestion

• breathing

• Heart beat 

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​THE NEURONS

D I F F E R E N C E S   W /  O T H E R   C E L L S

​Extensions(galamay) emanate from the central body of the neuron

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Transmit and receive information via an electrochemical mechanism

 

ü  NEURO COMMUNICATION

-       Electrochemical mechanism

-       The language they use

 

Synthesize chemicals(neuro transmitters)

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Label the part

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Label the part

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Label the part

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Label the part

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Label the part

Multiple Choice

Inhibits the gastrointestinal tract action of persitalsis.

• SYMPATHETIC

• PARASYMPATHETIIC

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Label the part

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Label the part

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​Nucleus – contains genetic material within the chromosomes

Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

Lysosomes – contain enzymes that reduce chemicals to their individual components

Centrosome – this microtubule regulates the cells and the cell cycle

Cytoplasm – gelatinous substance that fills the cell

Vacuole -  compartments that carry out various functions including storage and secretion of neurotransmitters

Endoplasmic Reticulum – network of tubes that are used to move materials around the cytoplasm

Golgi Body – encase peptides and proteins into vesicles

Microfilaments or neurotubules – moves materials within a neuron

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What are the 3 Neuron Classification

Multiple Choice

Receive stimulus from the outside then transmit to the nervous system

• INTERNEURONS

• EFFERENT NEURONS (MOTOR NEURONS)

• AFFERENT NEURONS (SENSORY NEURONS)

Multiple Choice

 These direct information away from the brain towards muscles and glands.

• AFFERENT NEURONS (SENSORY NEURONS)

• EFFERENT NEURONS (MOTOR NEURONS)

• INTERNEURONS

Multiple Choice

Found in the central nervous system, these pass information between neurons and sensory neurons.

• AFFERENT NEURONS (SENSORY NEURONS)

• EFFERENT NEURONS (MOTOR NEURONS)

• INTERNEURONS

​Neuroglial Cells Types:

•Astrocytes – responsible for maintaining the external chemical environment around nerve cells.

•Oligodendrocytes – surround axons in the CNS forming a myelin sheath that insulates the axon and makes it possible for electrical signals to be generated and propagated more effectively. (nodes of Ranvier)

•Schwann Cells – the cell in the PNS that is functionally equivalent to the oligodendrocytes in the CNS

•Microglia – cells that serve the CNS immune system and are also specialized macrophages. (phagocytosis)

•Radial glial cells (RGCs) – are a temporary cell population present only in the developing central nervous system.

​Information Exchange in the Nervous System

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•Axon to dendrite – axodendritic exchange

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•Axon to cell body – axosomatic exchange

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•Axon to axon – axoaxonic exchange

•Dendrite to dendrite – dendrodendritic exchange

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Divides the anterior and posterior

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 Divides the superior and inferior

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Divides in the middle and you can see the bones

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Outside part of the brain after you divide it

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WHAT ARE THE 3 MAJOR PARTS OF THE BRAIN 

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PARTS OF THE BRAIN THAT ARE UNLABELED/LABELED BY NUMBERS

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Can be found directly to the spinal cord and contains two huge divisions

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Is responsible for heart rate, breathing, and reflexive responses

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Curly Part of the brain

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Part that is connected to the spinal cord

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Vital to the body clock

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-obtains information from body movements and the visual system for controlled eye movements

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Harm to these nuclei leads to abnormalities in motivational behaviors like feeding, drinking, sexual behavior and temperature regulation.

​NAME THE FOLLOWING

​CRANIAL NERVES

​AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

​6 LAYERS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX

​MOLECULAR LAYER (Outermost layer)

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EXTERNAL GRANULAR LAYER

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EXTERNAL PYRAMIDAL LAYER

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INTERNAL GRANULAR LAYER

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INTERNAL PYRAMIDAL LAYER

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MULTIFORM LAYER (Innermost layer)

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failure of the embryonic neural tube to close completely.

Multiple Choice

Increases blood flow to the viscera and the skin. 

• Parasympathetic

• Sympathetic

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The most profound impact of FAS is permanent damage to the CNS and the developing neurons, leading to a variety of primary cognitive and functional disabilities, including memory problems, attention deficits and impulsive behavior.

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A disorder in which the circumference of the head is smaller than normal because the brain has not developed normally or has stopped growing.

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A major portion of the brain, skull and scalp missing. (no skull)

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Has Small testicles

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•A condition characterized by abnormally large head and brain in relation to the rest of the body.

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which there is an extra whole or partial 21st chromosome present.

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has a big tongue

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Has abnormally big brain

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There is a fluid in their brain that cause their head to expand

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can result in developmental disruption of the brain, causing progressive intellectual disabilities, brain damage and seizures.

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The most complex and severe form of spina bifida and usually involves neurological problems that can be very serious or fatal

Multiple Choice

Constricts the pupils of the eyes

• Sympathetic

• Parasympathetic