France in the New World

France in the New World

by Mr. PRATT

​In this activity...

​We have looked at how England was able to set up colonies in the New World, but what role did France play in the New World? Where did France set up colonies? What were their relations with Native Americans? And how come we all don't speak French? Hint, yes there was a war... that France lost.

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​Let's take a look at a timeline of French involvement in the New World and understand some vocabulary to try and figure some of this out!

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​You should be able to complete this in class, so you don't have any homework over the weekend (unless you are still working on missing assignments.

​Fur trading The sale and exchange of animal furs (like beaver pelts). French and Dutch colonizers focused on trading furs with Native American tribes in North America.

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​Samuel de Champlain A French explorer who founded the first permanent French settlement in North America.

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Quebec The first permanent French settlement, founded in 1608.

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​Governor Someone who kept order by controlling the military.

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​Intendant Like a judge, and also someone who oversaw the workforce of the community.

​Some Vocabulary you will see...

​France enters the hunt for gold!!!

​In 1534, navigator Jacques Cartier claimed northern North America for France, naming the area around the St. Lawrence River New France...

Like many other explorers, Cartier made false claims about the area’s mineral wealth and was unable to send great riches back to France or establish a permanent colony.

​(Further North then future British settlements)

Multiple Choice

Jacques Cartier claimed the region that is now ________ for France.

• United States

• Mexico

• Paraguay

• Canada

​Some 50 years later, Samuel de Champlain made great strides for French exploration of the New World. He explored the Caribbean in 1601 and the coast of New England in 1603 before traveling farther north. In 1608 he founded Quebec, and he made numerous Atlantic crossings as he worked tirelessly to promote New France.

​Try again France...

...hold my cabernet, I got this!!

Multiple Choice

What did France call its colonies in Canada?

• Kanata

• Canada

• France

• New France

Multiple Choice

Which of the following explorers was NOT French?

• Jacques Cartier

• Christopher Columbus

• Louis Joliet

• Samuel De Champlain

​New France was the name given to France's colonies in North America. New France existed for nearly 230 years from 1534 to 1763. At first, it was made up of regions bordering the St. Lawrence River, along with Newfoundland and Acadia, which today is called Nova Scotia. Over time, it expanded from these areas, now part of Canada, to include much of the land that is now part of the Midwestern United States. People in the Canadian province of Quebec still speak French.

Multiple Choice

Only state in Canada that French is taught as the first language.

• La Louisiane/Louisiana

• La province de Québec/The province of Quebec

• La Martinique/Martinique

• La Suisse/Switzerland

​Unlike other imperial powers, France wanted good relationships with native peoples as they expanded westward. Samuel Chamberlain, learned that becoming friendly with the native people was essential to successful trade. Champlain explored the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and eventually made it to the Mississippi River. The French made an alliance with the Hurons and Algonquians; Champlain even agreed to fight for them against their enemy, the Iroquois.

​Engraving depicting French soldiers fighting with the Algonquians and

Hurons against the Iroquois, c. 1609

​The French were mainly interested in establishing commercially viable colonial outposts, (think of them as wanting to crete the original "Wal-Mart") so they created extensive trading networks throughout New France. They relied on native hunters to harvest furs, especially beaver pelts, and to exchange these items for French goods, like glass beads.

The Beavor coat on the right retails for $3999!!!

Multiple Choice

The first settlement in New France was founded by Samuel de Champlain. He is most noted for sailing the St. Lawrence River and establishing Quebec. Why did he establish Quebec?

• To have a place to stop for the French to rest.

• To set up a trading post.

• To help find beaver pelts to sent back to France

• It was an important entrance to Lake Ontario.

​In 1663 King Louis XIV decided to take control of the colony away from the Company of New France. The king made New France into a royal province, overseen by a governor and an intendant. In addition, the King sent a regiment of soldiers to the colony. In 1666, these soldiers defeated a group of Iroquois Native Americans and forced them to make peace. It then became possible to develop New France. More than 3,000 settlers, including girls of marriageable age, were sent out to this area from France in the 1660s, and the population soon began to expand rapidly.

​King Louis XIV wanted to protect New France, but how?

Multiple Choice

Who was the King of France and wanted to protect his settlement in the New World, "New France"?

• Academy Award winner Ben King-sley

• Queen Elizabeth II

• King Louis XIV

• King George IV

​In other words...

​The King of France sent LOTS of settlers including young women, to populate the region.

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​All these people were under direction of two people

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​A "Governor" who kept order by controlling the military

​An "Intendant"; like a judge, and also someone who oversaw the workforce of the community.

Multiple Choice

Who did the king of France give military power of his French colonists?

• The governor

• The intendant

• The highest ranking preist

• Tom Hanks

​Now there is French people here... LOTS.

​The first intendant, Jean Baptiste Talon (1665–68 and 1670–72), stimulated colonization and industry. He also pressed the exploration of the far west. Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi until he was sure it flowed into the Gulf of Mexico, not into the Pacific Ocean. In 1671 Simon François d’Aumont took possession of all the interior of the North American continent for France as an extension of New France.

​Don't memorize these french names, for this class, they're really not "that" important, but the idea the France was structured enough to continue to search for Asia!

​Something has got to give...

​Over the next nearly 100 years, French settlers and British Settlers (colonists) had issues of conflict about territories in the New World, and abroad. After years of skirmishes between England and France in North America, England officially declared war on France in 1756

​Globally it was known as the "7 Year War", but the actual fighting in the New World was called, "The French and Indian War"

Multiple Choice

What was the difference between the "7 Year War" and "The French and Indian War"?

• The French and Indian War took 12 years.

• They were the same war, just named different.  The fighting in Europe was the "7 year war" and in the New world it was "the French and Indian War".

• The 7 year war described King Louis bitter 2nd divorce.

• The French and Indian War never really happened, and was meant to scare French Europeans from going to the new world.

​The French and Indian War

​By the 1750s, the French had largely claimed Canada and the Great Lakes, while Great Britain clung to their 13 colonies on the Eastern seaboard.

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The frontier area around the upper Ohio River Valley soon became a hotbed of fighting between British, French and Native American forces, with the Europeans eager to settle the area over their rivals.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT involved in the French and Indian War?

• France

• Britain

• Native Americans

• Italy

​The war was officially sparked when 22-year-old George Washington was sent by the British Colonial governor of Virginia as a messenger to the French, warning them to stay away from the area around today’s Pittsburgh. The French refused, and on the way home from his failed mission, Washington’s men became embroiled in a skirmish (fight! fight! fight! fight!) with a French encampment, where a French officer was killed.

​"Step Off, France!!!"

​In 1756 the Seven Years’ War in Europe began, and the American phase of this conflict, the French and Indian War, was to settle the fate of New France. For two years the French troops and Canadian militia were victorious. Then the British and American strength, fed by British sea power, began to tell.

​Round 1 goes to France...

​Round 2 goes to England...

​Basically, England had a btter fleet of ships, and could transport more people, weapons, supplies, and offer better trades to Native Indian tribes.

​When the war was finally ended and peace was made by the Treaty of Paris in 1763, all New France east of the Mississippi, outside the environs of New Orleans, was ceded to Great Britain. Only two little islands, St. Pierre and Miquelon near Newfoundland, and the French fishing rights in Newfoundland, were left to France.

​French Indian War eventually ends...

​Wars aren't cheap though, and this war would cost Great Britian... eventually.

Multiple Choice

Who won the French and Indian War?

• England

• France

• Indians

• Spain

Multiple Choice

What Treaty ended the French and Indian War?

• Treaty of British

• Treaty of French and Indian War

• Treaty of Native Americans

• Treaty of Paris

Multiple Choice

Who was the young military leader from Virginia who fought in the French and Indian war?

• William Pitt

• Edward Braddock

• King George II

• George Washington 

Multiple Choice

In the Treaty of Paris, after the French and Indian War, who gained control of all the land East of the Mississippi (except New Orleans)?

• Britain

• France

• Spain

​Good job, you are all finished! Feel free to go back and redo this activity to get the full points if you didn't do well. OR finish you colonial flyer (From Thursday) or finish up any missing assignments you might still have!