Unit 1 Review

Unit 1 Review

Civics and Government

​Ch. 1, Ch. 3, Ch. 25

​Chapter 1 Section 1

• ​Government and State

  • ​4 Characteristics of a state

    • ​Population (People)

    • ​Territory (Where the people live)

    • ​Sovereignty (Who rules the people)

    • ​Government (Who runs the people)

  • ​4 Theories

    • ​Force (Star wars)

    • ​Evolutionary (Through time or Family)

    • ​Divine Right (Religious or Through Gods word)

    • ​Social Contract (Making a deal)

​Chapter 1 Section 1 VOCABULARY

1. ​Government - the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies

2. ​ Public Policy - something a government decides to do

3. ​Constitution - fundamental laws that sets out the principles, structures, and processes of a government

4. ​Dictatorship - one person rules or small group has all the power

5. ​Democracy - government in which the power rests with the people

​Chapter 1 Section 2

• ​Forms of Government

  • ​Democracy

    • ​Who holds the power: THE PEOPLE

    • ​Responsibility: THE PEOPLE

    • ​How do they gain power?: ELECTIONS

  • ​Dictatorship

    • ​Dictator/Oligarch

    • ​Themselves

    • ​Force

​Ch. 1 Section 2 VOCABULARY

1. ​Federal Government - POWER IS DIVIDED

2. ​Division of Powers - POWER IS SHARED

3. ​Autocracy - single person holds UNLIMITED POWER

4. ​Unitary Government - ALL POWER

5. ​Confederation - an ALLIANCE/INDEPENDENT states

​Chapter 1 Section 3

• ​Basic Concepts of Democracy

  • ​5

    • ​Individual Worth - EACH PERSON $$$

    • ​Equality of all persons - Equal opportunity under law

    • ​Majority Rule; Minority Rights - More wins, less is equal

    • ​Necessity of compromise - achieve an agreement

    • ​Individual freedom - do what you want under law

​Ch. 1 Section 3 VOCABULARY

1. ​Mixed Economy - Private combined with Government regulation (participation)​

2. ​Law of supply and demand - ( S^ = $v ) ( Sv = $^ )​

3. ​PPCI - Private Ownership, Profit, Competition, Individual initiative.​

   1. ​YOUR business makes money (profit) through competition. At the end of the day, it was YOUR individual initiative to start the business

​Chapter 3 Section 1

• ​6 Basic Principles

  • ​Popular sovereignty - consent of the governed

  • ​Limited Government - gov't can do only what you allow them to do

  • ​Seperation of Power - Leg, Exec, Jud

  • ​Checks and Balances - each branch checks on one another

  • ​Judicial Review - the COURT reviews laws

  • ​Federalism - all tied together (division of power among central/regional gov't)

    • ​THE BIG DIAGRAM

​Ch. 3 Section 1 VOCABULARY

1. ​Rule of Law - no one is above the law

2. ​Constitutionalism - gov't must be constitutional

3. ​Preamble - intro to the constitution

​Ch. 3 Section 2

Formal Amendment Process

• 1

  • Congress 2/3

  • ​State 3/4

• ​2

  • ​Congress 2/3

  • ​Sp. Conv. 3/4

• ​3

  • ​Nat. Conv. 2/3

  • ​State 3/4

• ​4

  • ​Nat. Conv. 2/3

  • ​Sp. Conv. 3/4

​Ch. 3 Section 2 Vocabulary

1. ​Amendment - change to legislation or text

2. ​Formal Amendment - an amendment that goes through the formal method process

​Ch. 3 Section 3

• ​Informal Procedures

  • ​Basic Legislation

    • Passing laws by congress

  • ​Executive Action

    • ​Presidential Power

  • ​Court Decisions

  • ​Custom

    • ​Tradition/Agreed upon nationally

  • ​Party Practices

    • ​Political Parties

​Ch. 3 Section 3 Vocabulary

1. ​Treaty - formal agreement between two or more sovereign states

2. ​Executive Agreement - a pact made by the President directly to the head of a foreign state, eliminating the approval from the Senate

​Ch. 25 Section 1 (all together)

​Counties, Towns, and Townships

• ​County Government powers:

• ​County Government functions:

• ​Special Districts:

​Ch. 25 Section 2

​Cities and Metropolitan Areas

• ​Forms of City Government

  • ​Mayor Council Form: Elected mayor and council, Executive and legislative branch

    • ​Strong Mayor: Heads the Admin. with power to hire and fire and to prep the budget.

    • ​Weak Mayor: Duties are shared or taken over by council

  • ​Commission Form: 5-9 elected heads and 1 is chosen to be mayor

  • ​Council Manager Form: strong council, weak mayor, hired admin.

​Ch. 25 Section 2 Continued

• ​Zoning: dividing a city into a number of districts and regulating the uses to which property in each of them may be put.

  • ​It is important to ensure the orderly growth of a city.

• ​Incorporation: process by which a State establishes a city as a legal body

• ​Charter: a city's basic law, or constitution

​Ch. 25 Section 3

​Providing Important Services

• ​State Services

  • ​Higher Education: Universities

  • ​Primary and Secondary Education: Public High Schools

• ​Public Welfare

  • ​Health: Hospitals

  • ​Welfare: Provide aid to families

  • ​Public Safety: State and Police safety

  • ​Highways: Build and Maintain roads

​Ch. 25 Section 3 Vocabulary

​Welfare - Cash assistance for the poor

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​Medicaid - Medical Insurance for low income families