Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Mountain Ranges

Volcanoes, Earthquakes, and Mountain Ranges

by Benedicto Mindajao

What’s In

​Our country is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Thus, we often experience

earthquakes, and we are home to many majestic but terrible volcanoes. These topics

were discussed in Grade 8 and 9 Science.

​​Directions:

Do you still remember your discussions during your Grade 6, 8, and 9

about volcanoes and earthquakes? You need to recall important words related to volcanoes and earthquakes that will be used in this module. Below is a vocabulary word list with missing letters. Read the definition on the left side to complete each word on the right side. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

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​How many words do you remember? You may refer back to these pages when you want to recall the definition of the listed terms. 

Our Earth has four layers consisting of different materials, namely, crust, mantle, inner, and outer core. For this module, we will focus on the lithosphere which is composed of the crust and the upper mantle.

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​The lithosphere is said to be in constant but very slow motion. These motions are not the same everywhere. This movement of the lithosphere is called tectonics.

​FIGURE 1

​According to the Plate Tectonics Theory, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into numerous segments called plates (see Figure 1). The arrows show the direction of the plate movement and the other lines are the fault lines.

​FIGURE 1

Do you notice in Figure 1 that there are seven relatively large plates and several smaller ones, including the Philippine plate? Can you remember all their names? Please do the NEXT activity to see how these plates relate to earthquakes, volcanism, and mountain formation.