Parts of the Cell

​Microscopy Quiz

• ​Go on Classkick on your iPads

• ​Enter your first name

• ​Enter the code: A5W VJ6

• You can also go into Blackbaud, open the microscopy quiz, and click the link​

Parts of the Cell

Module 3, Lesson 2

​Objectives

• ​I can identify the different parts of an animal and plant cell.

• ​I can describe the function of each organelle

• ​I can show an understanding of the importance of each organelle in the cell.

• ​I can differentiate an animal and a plant cell

Poll

Are plant and animal cells the same in structure?

• YES

• NO

​Cell Parts

• ​The cell is like a factory

  • ​it has different parts that makes different things

  • ​the products of the cell help with the processes in the organism

​Cell Membrane - The Fence

• ​Also known as plasma membrane

  • ​This part of the cell controls what goes in and out of the cell

  • ​The cell membrane encloses the cytoplasm (all fluid and structures inside of the cell)

  • ​It is made up of 2 layers of phospholipid (phospholipid bilayer

​Phospholipid Bilayer

• ​The phospholipid is made up hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

• ​The surface facing the outside and the inside of the cell are hydrophilic

• ​This layer is selectively permeable, only allowing some. things to go in and out of the cell

Proteins - Gates

• Some molecules can go through the membrane easily

• Some molecules require "gates" or "doors" to go through

  • These gates are made out of protein​

Multiple Choice

The cell membrane

• Allows everything to go in and out

• Allows some things to go in and out

• Do not let anything in or out of the cell

​Cell Wall

• ​This is found only in plants

• ​Some algae, bacteria, and fungi have them

• ​It provides shape and support, adding protective barrier to the cell

• ​In plants, it is made up of cellulose, which is a polysaccharide

• ​It is found outside of the cell membrane

Multiple Choice

Do humans have cell walls? 

• YES

• NO

​Inside the Cell

• Organelles are membrane-bound structures inside of the cell

  • These are structures not present in prokaryotic cell

  • ​They are like the departments in a factory

  • ​They all have roles for the cell to function properly

​Nucleus - Main Office

• ​The nucleus is the control center of the cell

  • ​it contains the DNA, which is the blueprint of everything the cell makes

  • ​To protect the DNA, the nucleus has a nuclear envelope

  • ​To allow certain things to go in and out of the nucleus, it has nuclear pores

​Chromosomes

• A human cell has approximately 6 ft of DNA

• ​It fits in the nucleus by coiling itself tightly into structures called chromosomes

• ​Chromosomes can only be seen when the cell is dividing

Multiple Choice

What does the nucleus contain?

• Hair

• DNA

• Cell

​Cytoskeleton

• ​Skeleton of the cell

• ​Made up of protein fibers that maintain the cell's shape and allow movement

​Cell Movement

• ​Flagella

  • ​Moves like a propeller

• ​Cilia

  • ​Moves like oars

Multiple Choice

What is the cytoskeleton made out of? 

• Protein

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

​Centrioles

• ​Only found in animals

• ​Helps during cell division

• ​Made of protein

Multiple Choice

What are centrioles made out of? 

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

• Protein

​Lysosome - Clean-up Crew

• ​Lysosomes are organelles that have digestive enzymes

• ​They destroy unusable cellular components

• ​They also destroy pathogens, which are foreign invaders

Multiple Choice

What do lysosomes do? 

• They clean up the cell

• They make DNA

• They mess up the cell

​Vacuoles - Storage

• ​These are used by the cell as storage

• ​In plants, they are large and store water and other materials

• ​Animals have them too but are smaller

Multiple Choice

Animals do not have vacuoles. 

• True

• False

​Vesicles - Storage and Transport Containers

• ​Vesicles can store and transport materials

• ​The contents are pinched off of the cell

• ​The vesicle can be pinched OUT (exocytosis) or pinched IN (endocytosis)

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Multiple Choice

Where do the contents go during endocytosis? 

• In

• Out

Multiple Choice

Where do the contents go during exocytosis? 

• Out

• In

​Ribosomes - Product Makers

• Ribosomes are where protein is made in the cell

• It reads the information from the DNA, change it to RNA, then translates it to protein

• ​They are either floating freely inside the cell or attached to an organelle called Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (REM)

Multiple Choice

What do ribosomes make? 

• Protein

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• ​The rough ER helps with protein synthesis since ribosomes are attached to it

• ​The smooth ER produces lipids and distributes them

Multiple Choice

What does the rough ER make? 

• Lipids

• Protein

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

What does the smooth ER make? 

• Protein

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic Acids

​Golgi Apparatus - USPS/UPS/FedEx of the Cell

• This modifies, sorts, and packages the products from the ER to store or send out of the cell

• It sends out the products by placing it inside the vesicle​

Multiple Choice

What's the job of the golgi apparatus?

• It cleans the cell

• It produces protein

• It packs up protein and ships them

• It contains the DNA

​Chloroplast

• ​This is found in plants and some algae

• ​These organelles absorb light so photosynthesis can occur in plants and some algae

• ​It helps the plant or algae in making sugar for their energy

• ​The pigments inside give the plant its color

Poll

Do plants get their energy from the Sun?

• YES

• NO

​Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the cell

• ​Found in plants, animals, algae, fungi, and protists

• ​It is the place where cellular respiration occurs

• ​It is where sugar eventually turns into ATP, the molecule we use for energy

Poll

Do plants need mitochondria?

• YES

• NO

​Activity

• ​Open the assignment on Blackbaud - Cell Organelles Sheet

• ​Identify if the parts are present in plants, animals, or both

• ​Identify the function of the organelles