Various Dimensions of Philippine Literary History

Various Dimensions of

Philippine Literary History

by: RAJAN GALILA

Literary Periods of Philippine Literature​

• ​Pre-Colonial Period

• ​Spanish Period

• ​Revolutionary Period

• ​American Period

• ​Japanese Period

• ​Contemporary Period

Open Ended

What comes into your mind when you hear the word "LITERATURE"?

​What is LITERATURE?

It is a piece of written work that expresses the emotions and feelings of people in response to his everyday efforts to live, to be happy in his environment, and after struggles, to reach his Creator. (Panitikang Filipino)

Open Ended

Can you mention examples of literature?

Open Ended

Why do we need to study Philippine Literature?

I. Pre-Colonial Period (-BC to 1564)

• ​Indigenous PHILIPPINE LITERATURE was based on ORAL TRADITIONS and CUSTOMS.

• ​Ancient literatures were written on PERISHABLE MATERIALS.

• ​Literatures were handed down by WORD OF MOUTH.

• ​Its evolution depended on the influences of colonization.

• ALIBATA, the first Filipino alphabet, was replaced by the Roman alphabet.

​​A. Written Literatures

1. ​Riddles (Bugtong)

2. Epigrams (Salawikain)

3. ​Poems (Tanaga)

​B. Oral Literatures

1. ​Chants

2. ​Balagtasan (Filipino form of Debate)

​Literary Forms during Pre-Colonial Period

Poll

Which of the following literary forms you are most familiar with?

• Riddles

  (Bugtong)

• Epigrams (Salawikan)

• Poems

  (Tanaga)

• Chants

• Balagtasan

​II. Spanish Period (1565-1863)

• ​It started the deprivation of indigenous Philippine literature.

• ​They manipulate the literature by monopolizing it under the religious orders.

• ​Literature evolves mainly on the themes of Spanish/European culture and of course, the ROMAN CATHOLIC RELIGION.

• ​It introduced SPANISH as the medium of communication.

​Literary Forms during Spanish Period

A. Religious Literature

1. Pasyon

2. Senakulo

B. Secular (n0n-religious) Literature

1. ​Awit

2. ​Korido

3. Prose Narratives​

i. Dialogo

​ii. Manual de Urbanidad

​ iii. Ejemplo

​iv. Tratado

​Filipino literary Writers and their Work:

• "Libro de la Lengua ​Tagala" by Fernando Bagongbanta

• "Pasyon Dapat Ipag-alab ng Puso" by Marcelo H. Del Pilar

• "Patnubay sa Binyagan" by Pascual Poblete

• ​"Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo" by Jose P. Rizal

• ​"Florante at Laura" by Francisco Baltazar

​

​III. Revolutionary Period (1864--1896)

• ​Planted seeds of NATIONALISM in Filipinos.

• ​Language shifted from SPANISH to TAGALOG.

• ​Addressed the masses instead of the "INTELLIGENTSIA"

​Literary Forms during Revolutionary Period

​A. Propaganda Literatures

1. Political Essays

​ i. Diariong Tagalog

​ ii. La Solidaridad

​2. Political Novels

​ i. Noli Me Tangere

​ ii. El Filibusterismo

​B. Revolutionary Literatures

​1. Political Essays

2. Poetry

Multiple Select

What are the two literary forms during Revolutionary Period?

• Chick

  Literature

• Propaganda Literature

• Political

  Literature

• Revolutionary Literature

​IV. American Period (1910-1945)

​A. Period of Apprenticeship (1910-1930)

​-Filipino writers imitated English and American models

​Poems written were amateurish and kushy, which phrasing and diction is awkward and artificial.

​B. Period of Emergence (1920-1930)

​-Highly influenced by Western literary trends like Romanticism and Realism

​Literary Forms during American Period

A. Short Stories

​"Dead Stars" by Paz Marquez Benitez

​"The Key" by Paz Latorena

​"Footnote to Youth" by Jose Garcia Villa

​B. Novels

​"Childe of Sorrow" by Zoilo Galang (First Filipino Novel in English)

Multiple Select

What are the most prevalent literary forms during American Period?

• Short Stories

• Essays

• Novel

• Poems

​V. Japanese Period (1942-1960)

• ​Tagalog broke away from the Balagtas tradition and I instead wrote simple language and free verse.

• ​Fiction prevailed over poetry

• ​Filipino literary "giants" appeared

​VI. Contemporary Period (1960-Present)

• ​Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights, including FREEDOM of the PRESS

• ​Writers symbolism and allegories to drive home their message, at the face of censorship

• ​Theater was used as a vehicle for protest

• ​From the eighties onward, Filipino writers continue to show dynamism and innovation

• ​Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived

• ​Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country

Multiple Choice

In contemporary period, Filipino Writers were able to produce short stories, novels, essays, and poems that continue to be read by Filipinos today.

• TRUE

• FALSE

​Question and Answer

Open Ended

What is your #PulotOfTheDay?