States of matter

States of matter

by Della H

Multiple Select

What are the FOUR main ideas of the particle theory?

• All matter is made up of particles 

• Particles have spaces between them

• Particles are in constant motion 

• Particles have forces of attraction between them

• Matter is made up of stuff

Multiple Select

Evidence to support the particle theory are

• Diffusion

• Evaporation

• Osmosis 

• Melting 

Multiple Choice

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is 

• Osmosis 

• Particle theory 

• Diffusion 

• Brownian motion

Multiple Select

Experiments to show diffusion are

• Potassium permanganate crystals in water

• Potato in water

• Formation of ammonium chloride, in a tube, from gases

• Green paw paw in salt solution

Multiple Choice

Osmosis is 

• the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration 

• the movement of water molecules from an area of low concentration to high concentration 

• the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane

• the movement of particles

​Uses of Osmosis

1. To control garden pests

​Sodium chloride dissolves in moisture around their bodies drawing out water form inside.

They eventually die from dehydration

​Uses of osmosis

​2. To preserve food ​

​Sodium chloride (salt) and sugar are used to preserve food

​They draw out water from the food and microorganisms within (by osmosis) to prevent it from decaying

Open Ended

Explain how sodium chloride works to preserve fish 

​Energy of particles

Solids

• ​Very small amounts of kinetic energy

  • ​Kinetic energy is energy in motion

• Particles vibrate in their fixed position

​Energy of particles

Liquids

• ​More kinetic energy than solids

• ​Particles move about slowly

​Energy of particles

​Gases

• ​Large amounts of kinetic energy

• Particles move freely and rapidly

​Arrangement of particles

​Solids

• ​Closely packed

• ​Regular arrangement

• ​Strong forces of attraction

​​Arrangement of particles

​Liquids

• ​Have small spaces between them

• ​Randomly arranged

• ​Forces of attraction weaker than solids

​Forces of attraction

​

​​Arrangement of particles

​Gases

• ​Large spaces between them

• ​Randomly arranged

• ​Forces of attraction very weak

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best the describes the energy of particles in a solid?

• ​Very small amounts of kinetic energy.

• ​Large amounts of kinetic energy

• Particles move about slowly

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of particles in a gas?

• Closely packed

  ​Regular arrangement.

  ​

• ​Large spaces between them

  ​Randomly arranged

• ​Have small spaces between them

  ​Randomly arranged

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the forces of attraction between particles in a liquid?

• Strong forces of attraction

• ​Forces of attraction very weak

• ​Forces of attraction are moderate

Multiple Select

Which FOUR physical properties are we looking at today?

• Density

• Compressibility 

• Volume

• Shape

• Reactivity

​Physical properties of matter

1. ​Shape

   1. ​figure of form of an object

2. ​Volume

   1. ​the amount of space an object takes up

3. ​Density

   1. ​the amount of mass per unit volume

4. ​Compressibility

   1. ​the ability to be reduced in volume or size under pressure

​Shape

• ​Solids have a fixed shape

​

• ​Liquids takes the shape of the part of container it is in.

  • ​Surface is always horizontal

• ​Gases takes the shape of the entire container it is in

​Volume

• ​Solids and liquids have a fixed volume

• ​Gases have a variable volume

  • ​It expands to fill the container it is in

​Density

• Solids: ​usually HIGH

• Liquids: ​usually lower than solids

• ​Gases: low

​Compressibility

• ​Solids: difficult to compress

• ​Liquids: can be compressed slightly by applying pressure

• ​Gases: very easy to compress

Multiple Choice

Which state is this object in?

• Solid

• Gas

• Liquid

• Plasma

Multiple Choice

Can gases be compressed?

• Yes

• No

Open Ended

Explain why nitrogen gas is very easy to compress

Multiple Choice

Do solids move to take the shape of the container?

• Yes

• No

Open Ended

Explain why a solid lump has a fixed shape?