HISTORY OF GERMANY PART 2

HISTORY OF GERMANY PART 2

by Jaxxon Rodent

​INTRODUCTION

​This second part of the historical Germany quiz continues in the middle ages until the German confederation

Multiple Choice

1.) Which class was created new during the times of first successful trade communitie3s  in Germany?

• poor class

• working class

• middle class

• royal class

​MIDDLE CLASS

​Indeed it ws thefirst step towards capitalism but it removed also the feudal (royal) system a bit. It was no longer important to be born into the right class but people had the opportunity to establish themselves through their abilities. Thus, a new class, the middle class was created.

Multiple Choice

2.) Which kind of robbers developed through the wealth of some people?

• robber monks

• robber farmers

• robber knights

• robber businessmen

​ROBBER KNIGHTS

​The changes in the society brought a shift in the society and removed powers from the previously established classes. As it was no longer a birth right to have money, particularly the lower royal classes didn't have money anymore and so they tried to enrich themselves through criminal deeds.

Multiple Choice

3.) Where were most early bigger cities in Germany?

• At the sea

• At rivers

• In the mountains

• In the forest

​EARLY GREAT CITIES

​Cities were first built at rivers, some at the coast so that transport of goods and people was made easier. Trade could also be guaranteed through building at the rivers as the landscape at this time was full of forests and connected dangers.

Multiple Choice

4.) Which was not one of the three biggest cities in Germany 600 years ago?

• Augsburg

• Cologne

• Nuremberg

• Berlin

​CITY SIZE

​The great early cities had importance for the Roman Catholic Church to spread their religion among the population. The cities had a big cathedral or dome and should attract population and trade. The biggest were:

​Augsburg - 50,000 people

​Cologne - 40,000 people

​Nuremberg -

Multiple Choice

5.) Who established the protestant church in Germany?

• Hildegard von Bingen

• Johannes Gutenberg

• Martin Luther

• Albrecht Dürer

​MARTIN LUTHER

Martin Luther was a previous Catholic monk who did not agree with the Church in many points, particularly that rich people could come into heaven if they paid with money for forgiveness of their sins.

He translated also the Bible into German so that the ordinary citizen could understand the holy text.​

Multiple Choice

6.) Who was the inventor of the printing press?

• Hildegard von Bingen

• Johannes Gutenberg

• Martin Luther

• Albrecht Dürer

​THE PRINTING PRESS

The printing press from Gutenberg can be considered as a milestone of modern development. It served cultural, religious, economic and educational purposes. One of the first books to be produced by the new technology was the Gutenberg Bible which made now religion more accessible for everybody.

Multiple Choice

7.) Which war followed the establishment of the protestant church?

• 10 years war

• 20 years war

• 30 years war

• 40 years war

​30 YEARS WAR

​This war was a conflict between Catholic and Protestnat leaders of Empires, kingdoms and territories. It was fought from 1618 to 1648 with all violence over all the years. It destroyed a lot of infrastructure in Europe and is accounted as one of the most terrible wars in history.

Multiple Choice

8.) This German astronomer created a study which gave Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton the basis for some of their theories. What was this study about?

• The Earth is flat

• Movements of planets

• The sun is the center of the universe

• We have not only one galaxy

​JOHANNES KEPLER

​through his invention of the Kepler telescope and applying the scientific method the mathematician Johannes Keppler proved that the planets were in constant movement. Thus it was the first time that mathematics nad physics were combined to prove a theory.

Multiple Choice

9.) Around 350 years ago, a new power became big in the territories of Germany. What was he name of this empire?

• Kattegat

• Bavaria

• Hanover

• Prussia

​PRUSSIA

Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, created a large empire through military and political achievements. He attracted French Hugenots to immigrate into the areas who were eager to become merchants and enterpreneurs, so trade and development was generated. The new empire was able to apply the scientific menthod to agriculture which was important to support a large population and so also army.

Multiple Choice

10.) The Age of Enlightenment was a period of outstanding artistic and music development. Which was not a German artist or writer in this period?

• Bach

• Kerouac

• Schiller

• Goethe

​AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

​This period of cultural development and great achievements started in the mid 18th century. Bach was a great composer of mainly religious music. Schiller and Goethe are still some of the most influential and famous German authors of various pieces of literature.

Multiple Choice

11.) If we count also Austria as a part of the German territories then one outstanding performer was Mozart. What were his first and middle names?

• Johann Gottfried

• Wolfgang Amadeus

• Johann Wolfgang

• Joseph Amadeus

​WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

The musical genius was born in Salzburg, a city in Austria and gave already at the a​ge of 5 his first tour around Europe. He mainly lived in Vienna and composed a lot of music. However, he was not able to handle money very well so never becamereally rich. The causes of his deaths remain mysterious but most people think it was poisoning.

Multiple Choice

12.) Which field was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe active in?

• Writing

• Painting

• Pottery

• Science

​JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE

​The most important works of this author were:

​- Goetz von Berlichingen

​- Die Leiden des jungen Werther

​(the sorrows of the young Werther)

​- Iphigenie auf Taurus

​- Reineke Fuchs

​The first two mentioned works created the cultural movement of Sturm und Drang. This style expressed the freedom of even extreme emotions.

Multiple Choice

13.) Which war was central Europe and so Germany involved in about 200 years ago?

• Caesarian Wars

• Napoleonic Wars

• First World War

• Independence War

​NAPOLEONIC WARS

​The French Revolution made the rise of Napoleon I possible in France. In the following, starting 1803, he fought a lot of wars against various opponents in central Europe. This involved Prussia as well.

Multiple Choice

14.) After the downfall of Napoleon I, the Congress of Vienna brought different European powers together. What did it establish?

• Regional leaders of different empires

• Trade communities among European countries, empires and other territories

• Regional boundaries of different European states, such as the German confideration

•  Different colours to be used on maps for various European countries

​GERMAN CONFEDERATION

​In 1815, at the Congress of Vienna, the 39 independent territories of Germany and the previous Prussian empire joined together for a mutual defensive pact. The main target was toprotect against France and Russia.

Multiple Choice

15.) Which other empire did the German confedration have a big war against, following the Congress of Vienna?

• Italy

• Denmark

• Russia

• Austria

​CONFLICT WITH AUSTRIA

​It took only 50 years until the next central European conflict, the so called Austro-Prussian War. the causes of this war were a fight for dominance among many smaller territories and their leaders between Austria and prussia. later won the conflict and got more power in the leadership of more German states.

Multiple Choice

16.) When did Germany start to become powerful as an industrial nation?

• Directly at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution

• After many wars against Austria

• After the construction of the railroad

• Through colonization of Africa

​INDUSTRIALIZATION

​Germany first was sloweddown by the split into many territories which produced only on their own. In the second half of the 19th century a change through the railroad happened as goods could be transportedfar easier. The territories started to work together and a new German national spirit of cooperation was created.

Multiple Choice

17.) Which city became through the industrial revolution the city with highest population in Germany?

• Hamburg

• Dresden

• Munich

• Berlin

​BERLIN

​The city had been founded already in 1174 and became in the 15th century the capital of Brandenburg and later from Prussia. However, only the industrial revolution made it grow dramatically, The city became in 1871 the first capital of the newly founded German Empire.

Multiple Choice

19.) Who of the following was a great German writer during the 18th/19th century?

• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

• Carl Friedrich Gauss

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Immanuel Kant

​Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

​He was an outstanding writer and playwrite. His famous works include:

​- Minna von Barnheim (a prototype of a comedy)

​and

​- Nathan der Weise (the first German drama of ideas)

​

​He publsiehd as well philosophical works about writing

Multiple Choice

19.) Who of the following was a great German philosopher during the 18th/19th century?

• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

• Carl Friedrich Gauss

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Immanuel Kant

​IMMANUEL KANT

​This great philosopher's main work was the Critique of Pure Reason (Kritik der reinen Vernunft). He argues in it that our actions are not only based on previous experiences. He stated that some actions are also based on repititive actions around us which are given through time and area.

Multiple Choice

20.) Who of the following was a great German scientist and mathematician during the 18th/19th century?

• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

• Carl Friedrich Gauss

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Immanuel Kant

​CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS

​He is often called the greatest mathematician since the antiquity. He made great achievements in algebra, astronomy, geodetic survey (structure of the Earth), magnetism and other fields.

Multiple Choice

21.) Who of the following was a great German musician during the 18th/19th century?

• Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

• Carl Friedrich Gauss

• Ludwig van Beethoven

• Immanuel Kant

​LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN

​He is one of the most famous composers of western classical music. His symphonies and works for piano are still seen as some of the grestest in the world