Cells - Structure, Functions, and Processes Review

Cells - Structure, Functions, and Processes Review

by Elena Stephens

Fill in the Blanks

Active and passive transport processes are two ways molecules and other materials move in and out of cells and across the cell membrane. PASSIVE TRANSPORT is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher to lower concentration. There are multiple TYPES of passive transport: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

The movement of substances across the cell membrane that DOES require the use of energy by the cell is  called ______  ________.

​In the process of diffusion, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until its concentration becomes equal throughout a space. For example, think about someone opening a bottle of cleaning ammonia in the middle of a room. The ammonia molecules will initially be most concentrated right where the person opened the bottle, with few or no molecules at the edges of the room.

​Osmosis

​In simple words, osmosis is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. A selectively permeable membrane is known as a cell membrane. Osmosis is a simple natural process that occurs all around and inside us, and it's one on which our lives depend. Plants absorb water through osmosis.

Multiple Choice

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is

• Active transport

• Passive transport

• exocytosis

• osmosis

Fill in the Blanks

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of _____ concentration to an ______ concentration

Fill in the Blanks

Cellular respiration is what cells do to break up sugars to get energy they can use. Cellular respiration takes in food and uses it to create ATP, a chemical which the cell uses for energy. This process happens in which organelle?

Fill in the Blanks

Respiration is the process in which the ______________ releases ________ in both plant and animal cells.

​The cell membrane:

​

​The cell membrane is capable of receiving and recognizing chemical signals.

​

​​The cell membrane separates cellular contents from the outside environment.

​

​The cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.

Fill in the Blanks

Nerve cells in the body transmit signals by allowing chemicals to enter and exit the cell very quickly. The ______  _________ functions to allow the quick transmission of these chemicals?

​Lysosomes are important organelles that help break down, or digest, certain materials inside the cell. Lysosomes have a lot of enzymes that are designed to break down molecules such as proteins and sugars. Once they are broken down, these molecules are sent over to be turned into energy by the mitochondria. Lysosomes will also take all of the dead parts and break them down as well as pass them over for digestion. This is how old cell parts are recycled.

Open Ended

Using the information and the diagram from slide #11, identify an organelle that works together with the lysosome to ensure that the cell maintains homeostasis.

Open Ended

​According to researchers, the body replaces itself with a new set of cells every seven years to 10 years. The process for the creation of new cells is called mitosis, where the cell makes a copy of its own DNA (the genetic information that is passed from parents to offspring) and then splits into two new cells. What would happen to the cell if the nucleus was missing?

Multiple Choice

What is the role of the chloroplast in photosynthesis?

• They excrete carbon dioxide as waste.

• They transform light energy.

• They prepare the cell to reproduce.

• They store water energy.

Multiple Choice

The illustration below shows a process performed by a cell to maintain homeostasis.

What is this process?

• Taking in nutrition

• Mitosis

• Getting rid of waste

• cellular respiration

Fill in the Blanks

Chloroplast use

from the sun to make

----------------------.