Cell Structure Lesson

Cell Structure Lesson

by Phoebe Quinn

​All cells have...

• ​A cell membrane

• ​Cytoplasm

• ​DNA

• ​Ribosomes

​What are organelles?

​Organelles are the specialized parts of the cell that have unique jobs to perform.

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​1) The nucleus contains DNA and dictates what the cell does. Chromatin is the tangled spread-out form of DNA found inside the nuclear membrane.

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​2) The nucleolus is the structure where ribosomes are made.

​Organelles, continued.

​3) After ribosomes leave the nucleolus, they make proteins.

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​4) Ribosomes can be free-floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

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The rough ER has ribosomes; the smooth does not.

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The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-enclosed highway for transporting the proteins made by ribosomes.

​Organelles, continued.

​5) Proteins and other materials emerge from the ER in small vesicles, where the Golgi apparatus, sometimes called the Golgi body, receives them.

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​6) As proteins move through the Golgi body, they're customized into usable forms.

7) Vacuoles hold stuff.

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​8) Lysosomes have digestive enzymes for breaking stuff down.

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​9) The mitochondria makes ATP energy during respiration.

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​10) The cell keeps its shape through a cytoskeleton.

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​11) The chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens (sun energy is turned into glucose).

12) Plant cells also have a cell wall made of cellulose to help shape/support it.

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​13) Cilia are microscopic hair-like projections that can move in waves.

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​14) Flagella is like a tail that can help a cell move/propel itself.