Introduction to Urbanisation

Introduction to Urbanisation

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​What is urbanisation?

​​Urbanisation refers to the increasing share of a country’s population living in towns and cities. It involves a shift of population from rural to urban areas.

Multiple Choice

How many people live in urban areas (cities)?

• less than half (<50%)

• more than half (>50%)

• 20%

• everybody

Multiple Choice

Hunter-gathers did not usually live in one place.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Irrigation and soil-tilling made permanent villages possible.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

People learned to farm about 500 years ago.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Explanation Slide...

It was actually about 10,000 years ago.

Multiple Choice

Semi-permanent villages developed when people learned to

• raise animals and grow crops

• cook food

• start fires

• hunt and gather

Multiple Choice

Irrigation means

• bringing water to fields

• putting fertilizer on fields

• putting manure on fields

Multiple Choice

Early cities were often very dense (crowded) because everything had to be in walking distance.

• TRUE

• FALSE

Multiple Choice

Global population is expected to reach about ______ people.

• 10 trillion

• 7 billion

• 10 billion

• 20 million

Explanation Slide...

After that it should stay the same or decrease as people have fewer children than in the past.

Multiple Choice

Food production might move to...

• vertical farms

• rooftop gardens

• vacant lots

• All of the above

Multiple Choice

The French Revolution led to the growth of modern cities.

• TRUE

• FALSE

​What are the patterns change in urbanisation over time?

• More than 4 billion people – more than half of the world – live in urban areas

  For most of human history, most people across the world lived in small communities. Over the past few centuries – and particularly in recent decades – this has shifted dramatically. There has been a mass migration of populations from rural to urban areas.

Multiple Choice

In 1960, were there more people living on farms or in cities?

• Farms

• Cities

Multiple Choice

What was the size of the world's rural population in 1990?

• 2.1 billion

• 3 billion

• 3 million

• 4.6 billion

Multiple Choice

In which year did the world's urban population exceed the rural population?

• 1980

• 1994

• 2001

• 2007

​What are the patterns change in urbanisation over time?

​How does the share of people living in urban areas vary between countries? The animation to the right illustrates how the share of people living in cities has changed across different countries.

Multiple Choice

According to the animation, which parts of the world have become more urban since 1960?

• North America and Australia

• Europe and Asia

• Europe and Australia

• Every region

​Patterns of Urbanisation across the world

​In the map shown here we see the share of the population that is urbanized across the world.

Multiple Choice

According to the animation, which part of the world saw the least urbanisation since 1960?

• North America and Australia

• Europe and Asia

• Africa

• Europe and Australia

​Patterns of Urbanisation across the world

Across most high-income countries – across Western Europe, the Americas, Australia, Japan and the Middle East – more than 80% of the population live in urban areas. Across most upper-middle income countries – in Eastern Europe, East Asia, North and Southern Africa, and South America – between 50% to 80% of people do. In many low to lower-middle income countries, the majority still live in rural areas.

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between the income of a country and the level of urbanisation?

• The higher the income of a country, the lower the level of urbanisation

• The higher the income of a country, the higher the level of urbanisation

• There is no relationship between the two 

​Causes of Urbanisation

The ‘push’ factors (causing people to leave farms) and ‘pull’ factors (attracting people to cities) responsible for urbanisation are shown to the right.

Multiple Choice

One pull factor is religious freedom. In some rural areas, people with different religious views are persecuted. In cities, people are more tolerant. Which picture depicts religious freedom?

• A

• C

• D

• F

Explanation Slide...

​

Multiple Choice

One pull factor is EDUCATION. In rural areas, there aren't as many universities, TAFEs and schooling options. In some countries, girls may also not be allowed to go to school. In cities, there are many more educational opportunities. Which picture depicts education?

• A

• B

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

One pull factor is empoyment. In rural areas, there are often high levels of unemployment, especially as fewer people are working on farms. In cities, there are many more employment opportunities. Which picture depicts employment?

• C

• D

• F

• G

Multiple Choice

One push factor is crop failure. This is when the crops grown by small farmers die before they can be harvested. Which image depicts crop failure?

• B

• D

• G

• E

Multiple Choice

One push factor is war. This pushes people out of their region or country, and they often migrate to big cities in other countries. Which image depicts war?

• B

• D

• G

• F

Multiple Choice

One push factor is desertification. This is when lack of rainfall or salty soil cause land to become infertile, meaning that people can no longer grow crops. Which image depicts desertification?

• A

• D

• G

• F

Open Ended

Which push and pull factors do New York and Dharavi have in common? Which push and pull factors are different?