Fundamentals of Hardware and Software

Fundamentals of Hardware and Software

by Stanley Jocelyn

What is a ​computer?

​

​What is a computer?

​A computer is an electronic device that operates according to a set of instructions.

​​•Computer systems have four parts

–Hardware

–Software

–Data

–User

Poll

Your Samsung Tablet  is the Samsung Galaxy Tab A (8.0", 2019)

The Model Number is SM-T295

Tell us about your tablet

• It is working properly. I use it for online classes.

• It is working but it does not work properly.

• It is NOT working. Something is wrong with it. 

• It was stolen

Multiple Choice

The steps or stages followed to process data,

in the correct order are

• Output-->Input-->Processing

• Input-->Processing-->Output

• Output-->Processing-->Input

• Processing-->Input-->Output

​The parts of the computer system

​•Hardware

–Mechanical devices in the computer

–Anything that can be touched

•Software

–Instructions that tell the computer what to do

–Also called a program

​

​•Data

–Raw figures, texts, symbols, etc.

–Computer organize and present data

•Users

–People operating the computer

–Tell the computer what to do

​What are Peripheral Devices

DId you do your homework?​ Research...

Multiple Choice

This is a picture of a 

• MOUSE

• MOTHERBOARD

• CPU

• RAM

​

​

Multiple Choice

CPU stands for

• Critical Processing Unit

• Central Processing Unit

• Computer Part Unit

• Computer Private Unit

​The CP

​Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer and controls how the rest of the computer works. It includes the

1. control unit (CU) and

2. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU).

​Can you tell the difference between

​ROM (Read Only Memory)

​

​and

​

RAM (Random Access Memory)

​

​•Memory devices (Stores data or programs)

​

Random Access Memory (RAM)

•Volatile (content is lost when the power is interrupted or switched off. )

•Stores current data and programs (Temporary)

​

Read Only Memory (ROM)

•Permanent storage

•Holds the computer boot directions

Multiple Choice

Input devices gets data into the computer.

Which is NOT an Input device?

• Keyboard

• Microphone

• Speaker

• Scanner

Multiple Choice

The Monitor, Printer and Speaker are all examples of

• Input devices

• Output devices

• Processing devices

• Storage devices

Multiple Choice

A Touchscreen is an example of both an Input and an Output Device.

• True

• False

​Did you do your homework?

​Research: What is the difference between  storage media and storage devices. Give examples of each. (5 marks)

​What is software?

​

​•A set of instructions that tells the computer what to do

​

•There are two types of software

–System software

–Application software

​System Software

​•System software

–Operating system software

•E.g. Windows 10, Windows 11

•Controls the hardware and how all other software works.

–Utility software

•Protect and maintain the system software.

•Symantec AntiVirus, Mc Afee Antivirus, AVG and Avast protect

against viruses.

•Software to Backup and restore files.

Application Software​

​•Application software

–Accomplishes a specific task

–E.g. Word processors (MS Word), Spreadsheets (Excel) and databases (Access)

Multiple Choice

THE TWO TYPES OF SOFTWARE ARE

• Windows 10 and Windows 11

• Keyboard and Mouse

• System software and Application software

• Whatsapp and Faceboook

​HOMEWORK: Write answers in your book

​1.List the four basic tasks of any computer.

2.State the name of the cycle that represents the four basic tasks listed in question 1.

3.What is the general name given to the physical parts of a computer.

4.Explain what each of the following terms represent:

  A. CPU      B. CU        C. ALU

​Homework questions continued.

​5.Explain the difference between an input device and an output device.

6. What is the general name given to each of the following

   a) computer programs that tells the hardware how to work.

  b) telecommunications equipment through which data and information can be accessed.

​​Do you know?

​

1.What is information technology (IT)?

2.What is communications Technology (CT)?

​

​

​

​Reference:

​•Oxford Information Technology – 3rd Edition.

Pages 6 and 7