Nervous System 6.1

​Nervous System

​

​6.1 Overview

6.2 Transmission

6.3 Functional Anatomy CNS

6.4 Functional Anatomy PNS

6.5 Injuries and Disorders​

Nervous System 6.1

​Function of the Nervous System

• Sensory ​Input

  • ​sensory perception from afferent pathways and specialized sensory cells

• ​Integration

  • ​Pathways to the specific areas of the brain and spinal cord

• ​Motor Output

  • ​convert the signal into some form of response

​Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

• Sympathetic

  • "​fight or flight"

    • ​prepares body for perceived danger

      • ​overrides logical thought

• ​Parasympathetic

  • ​"rest, relax, repair"

    • ​maintain long-term health and a healthy balance across all of the body’s function

Multiple Choice

The "fight or flight" response during threatening situations in the role of the:

• sympathetic nervous system
• parasympathetic system
• somatic nervous system
• cerebellum

Multiple Choice

The part of the nervous system that consists of nerves that branch out from the CNS (central nervous system) and connect to other body parts

• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic
• Autonomic
• Peripheral

​Afferent and Efferent

• ​Afferent

  • ​Arrives to the CNS via PNS

• ​Efferent

  • ​Exits CNS via PNS

    • ​somatic response

    • ​autonomic response

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a function of the nervous system?

• gathers information

• processes information

• transmits information

• all of the above

​Nevous System Cells

• ​Neurons

  • ​impulse-conducting cell that is the functional unit of the nervous system

• ​Neuroglial Cells

  • ​form a supporting and/or insulating structure for the neurons

​Astrocytes (CNS)

• ​Star shaped

• ​most abundant glial cell

• ​Functions

  • ​forms blood brain barrier

  • ​supportive framework

  • ​regulates blood flow to neurons

  • ​absorbs NTs from synaptic tissue fluid

  • ​Astrocytosis/scerosis

    • ​scar tissue around damaged neurons

  • ​Converts Glucose to lactate for nourishment

​Microglia (CNS)

• ​WBC (white blood cell) macrophages

• ​Functions

  • Homeostatic

    • ​Monitor the environment

  • Activated

    • instigate the inflammatory response

      • ​cytokines

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Multiple Choice

Which type of neuroglial cell is located between neurons and capillaries to control what enters the cells from the blood?

• Astrocytes

• Oligodendrocytes

• Schwann cells

• Satellite cells

Multiple Choice

If we did not have this type of immune cell, bacteria could more easily infiltrate our brain tissue:

• Satellite cells

• Oligodendrocytes

• Microglia

• Schwann cells

​Oligodendrocytes CNS)

• ​Adaptive myelinating cells of the CNS

• ​function

  • ​to insulate neurons increasing the speed of impulses along the axon

​Ependymal Cells of the CNS

• ​Ciliated cuboidal to columnar cells that line the brain and spinal cord

• ​Function

  • ​create cerebral spinal fluid

  • ​circulates the CSF

Neuroglial cells of PNS

• ​Satellite Cells

  • ​Forms an envelope around neuronal cell bodies

• ​Schwann cell

  • ​myelinating cells of the PNS

    • ​same function of oligodendrocytes

Multiple Choice

This glial cell is responsible for creating the myelin for the Central Nervous System.

• Neuron

• Schwann cell

• Oligodendrocyte

• Microglia

​Neurogenesis and Misconceptions

• ​Neurons are Mature cells that Do Not divide

• ​Neural stems located in the brain (hypothalamus and deep cerebrum) divide into neuroblast and migrate to different areas of the brain even in adults

• ​Most Brain Tumors are a result of mitotic neuroglial cells

​Neurocircuitry

• ​the dynamic functional network of overlapping and spatially significant interactions that dictate neurological function