FINAL EXAM I 2021

FINAL EXAM I 2021

by Angelica Bonilla

​​Recognize the elements that make up the immune and their function

1. CELLULAR

   1. ​NK CELLS

   2. B-cells (Memory)

   3. T-cells

   4. Phagocytes

• ​2. Non-Cellular

  • ​Complement proteins

  • ​Inflammation

  • ​Fever

​​Recognize the elements that make up the immune and their function

1. Adaptative and specific

   1. B-cells

   2. T-cells

• ​2. Non-adaptative and non-specific

  • ​Complement proteins

  • ​Inflammation

  • ​Fever

  • ​NK Cells

  • ​Phagocytes

Fill in the Blanks

​Recognizes the importance of the ABO and Rh blood grading systems

• ​Group ABO

  • Blood Type A: ​Red Blood Cells with antigen A

  • ​Blood Type B: Red Blood cells with antigen B

  • ​Blood Type O: Red Blood cells without antigen A or B

• ​Rh Factor

  • ​Blood type + has the antibodies antigens

  • ​Blood type - doesn't have the antibodies antigens

Multiple Choice

A person with blood type O- 1. Donates to whom and 2. receives blood from whom?

• 1. Everybody

  2. Only O-

• 1. Only O- 2. Everybody 

• 1. A- and B- 2. Only O-

• 1. No-one 2. From A or B but both -

​Differentiate between the mechanisms of action of the 3 types of immune barriers.

• ​First-line is the Physical Barriers.

• ​The second Line is the cellular barriers but NON-SPECIFIC

• ​Third Line are the cellular barriers but SPECIFIC

Multiple Choice

What barrier was traspassed?

• First Line

• Second Line

• Third Line

• Memory Cells

​Argue based o  evidence against or in favor of the use of vaccines

​Anti Vaxxer movement

Six common misconceptions about vaccines:

• Diseases were already declining before the invention of vaccines due to improvements in hygiene and sanitation.

• Most people who get diseases are already vaccinated.

• Some batches of vaccines are safer than others.

• Vaccines cause many harmful side effects and illnesses.

• The diseases that vaccines prevent are no longer prevalent, so there is no need for vaccines.

• Giving children multiple vaccines at once increases the risk of harmful side effects.

​

​Pro vaccine movement

​Truths about vaccines

• ​vaccines save lives from diseases that can otherwise cause injury or death

• they are safe and effective

• immunization protects others, including family members or friends

• some schools or childcare facilities require vaccinations for admission

• they protect future generations from diseases

Open Ended

Write one reason you will give a person to help them feel better about vaccines

​Explain, through examples, the effects of unhealthy habits on the proper functioning of the immune or bone

• ​Immune System

  • ​Vaccination

  • ​Correct use of antibiotics

  • ​Clean their houses and wash our hands before we eat and after going to the bathroom​

• Bone System​

  • ​Calcium intake

  • ​Exercise and correct distribution of force.

Open Ended

Select a healthy habit and explain why it's essential to consider following it? don't forget to 1. state the healthy habit 2. state their function with the system 3. state what will happen if it is not followed

Use graphs to illustrate, the effects of an unbalanced diet or lack of physical activity on the proper functioning of the muscular systems.

Multiple Choice

What conclusion do you get from the graph?

• Aging reduces the muscle mass

• Muscle mass changes with time increasing and then decreasing

• Muscle mass increases in early life it will decrease during adult life leading to disability in older life

• I need to exercise when I'm an adult to prevent disability

Explain the role of calcium and ATP in skeletal muscle contraction.​

​

Multiple Choice

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction

• ATP is energy created by the mitochondria

• ATP is the energy for the sarcomere to contract

• ATP moves the miosin head so it can connect with the biding site of the actin filament and creates the cross bridge

• ATP is the one that binds with troponin to move the tropomyosin and expose the binding site for the actin to create the cross bridge