Engineering Management - Topic 7

Motivating

by Mark Lister V. Nalupa

Learning Outcomes:

• Determine the factors contributing to motivation

• Presenting the theories of motivation

• Identify the techniques of motivation

Fill in the Blank

It is the act of giving employees reasons or incentives to work to achieve organizational objectives.

Motivation Defined

the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it toward a particular goal

Factors Contributing to Motivation

1. Willingness to do a job

2. Self-confidence in carrying out a task

3. Needs satisfaction

Fill in the Blank

He theorized that human beings have five hierarchical needs.

Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory

The Process of Motivation

Fill in the Blank

This theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction, all of which act independently of each other.

Herzberg's Two Classes of Factors

• ​Satisfiers or motivation factors

• ​Dissatisfiers or hygiene factors

Fill in the Blank

It is a motivation model based on the assumption that an individual will work depending on his perception of the probability of his expectations to happen.

Expectancy Theory

• ​Expectancy – belief about likelihood or probability that a particular behavioral act (like attending training sessions) will lead to a particular outcome (like promotion)

  Valence – the value an individual places on the expected outcomes or rewards.

Expectancy Theory is based on the following assumptions:

1. A combination of forces within the individual and in the environment determines behavior

2. People make decisions about their own behavior and that of organizations

3. People have different types of needs, goals, and desires.

4. People make choices among alternative behaviors based on the extent to which they think a certain behavior will lead to a desired outcome

Expectancy Theory

Fill in the Blank

It is a theory which refers to the effects of setting goals on subsequent performance.

Four Components of Goal Setting Theory

1. goal content

2. goal commitment

3. work behavior

4. feedback aspects

Fill in the Blank

It is defined as specifying the tasks that constitute a job for an individual or a group.

Approaches in Motivating through Job Design

Fitting People to Jobs

1. realistic job previews

2. job rotation

3. limited exposure

4. ​

Fitting  Jobs to People

1. job enlargement

2. job enrichment

Fill in the Blank

It consists of materials and psychological benefits to employees for performing task in the workplace.

Categories in Motivating through Rewards

1. Extrinsic

​2. Intrinsic

Management of Extrinsic Rewards

1.       it must satisfy individual needs

2.       the employees must believe effort will lead to reward

3.       rewards must be equitable

4.       rewards must be linked to performance

Motivation Through Employee Participation

1.       setting goals

2.       making decisions

3.       solving problems

4.       designing and implementing organizational changes

Fill in the Blank

It is a group of employees who meet at regular intervals to identify problems and discuss their solutions.

Quality Control Circle Processes

Approaches to Participation

1. quality control circles

2. ​self-managed teams

Requisites to Successful Employee Participation Program

1.       profit sharing or gain sharing plan

2.       a long term employment relationship with good job security

3.       a concerted effort to build and maintain group cohesiveness

4.       protection of the individual employee’s rights

Fill in the Blank

It is an arrangements which allows employees to determine their own arrival and departure times within specified limits.

Fill in the Blank

This is given to an employee after a certain number of years of service in the company they are allowed to go on leave with pay to give time for family, recreations, and travel.

Other Motivation Techniques

1.       flexible work schedules

2.       family support services

3.       sabbaticals