Engineering Management - Topic 7

Motivating

by Mark Lister V. Nalupa

Learning Outcomes:

• Determine the factors contributing to motivation

• Presenting the theories of motivation

• Identify the techniques of motivation

Motivation Defined

the process of activating behavior, sustaining it, and directing it toward a particular goal

Factors Contributing to Motivation

1. Willingness to do a job

2. Self-confidence in carrying out a task

3. Needs satisfaction

Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory

The Process of Motivation

Herzberg's Two Classes of Factors

• ​Satisfiers or motivation factors

• ​Dissatisfiers or hygiene factors

Expectancy Theory

• ​Expectancy – belief about likelihood or probability that a particular behavioral act (like attending training sessions) will lead to a particular outcome (like promotion)

  Valence – the value an individual places on the expected outcomes or rewards.

Expectancy Theory is based on the following assumptions:

1. A combination of forces within the individual and in the environment determines behavior

2. People make decisions about their own behavior and that of organizations

3. People have different types of needs, goals, and desires.

4. People make choices among alternative behaviors based on the extent to which they think a certain behavior will lead to a desired outcome

Expectancy Theory

Four Components of Goal Setting Theory

1. goal content

2. goal commitment

3. work behavior

4. feedback aspects

Approaches in Motivating through Job Design

Fitting People to Jobs

1. realistic job previews

2. job rotation

3. limited exposure

4. ​

Fitting  Jobs to People

1. job enlargement

2. job enrichment

Categories in Motivating through Rewards

1. Extrinsic

​2. Intrinsic

Management of Extrinsic Rewards

1.       it must satisfy individual needs

2.       the employees must believe effort will lead to reward

3.       rewards must be equitable

4.       rewards must be linked to performance

Motivation Through Employee Participation

1.       setting goals

2.       making decisions

3.       solving problems

4.       designing and implementing organizational changes

Quality Control Circle Processes

Approaches to Participation

1. quality control circles

2. ​self-managed teams

Requisites to Successful Employee Participation Program

1.       profit sharing or gain sharing plan

2.       a long term employment relationship with good job security

3.       a concerted effort to build and maintain group cohesiveness

4.       protection of the individual employee’s rights

Other Motivation Techniques

1.       flexible work schedules

2.       family support services

3.       sabbaticals