Matter_6.1

​Chapter 8: Elements and Substances

8.1 Matter

​Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.

• Exists in three states: Solid, liquid and gas

• Made up of tiny and discrete particles

• Three types of particles that made up matter; atom, molecule and ion.

Poll

Choose the state of matter shown in the diagram

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Poll

Choose the state of matter shown in the diagram

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Poll

Choose the state of matter shown in the diagram

• Solid

• Liquid

• Gas

​Atom

• Smallest particle of an element

  • Consist of three subatomic particles: proton, electron and neutron

  • Metal elements and inert gases

  • Atoms in metals are arranged closely and orderly.

  • Atoms in inert gases are far apart and not orderly.

​Molecule

• • Consist of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together

  • Can be the combination of the same or different types of atoms

  • Examples: oxygen gas, water

​Ion

• Charged particles, either positive (cation) or negative (anion)

• Formed when an atom donates or accepts electron

• Ionic substance formed from the reaction between metal elements and non-metal elements

• Metal atom lost electron to form cation, example: sodium ion

• Non-metal atoms accept electron to form anion, example: chloride ion

Multiple Choice

Smallest particle of an element

• Atom

• Molecule

• Ion

Multiple Choice

Consists of two or more atoms bonded chemically together

• Atom

• Molecule

• Ion

Multiple Choice

Formed when an atom donates or accepts electron

• Atom

• Molecule

• Ion

​Properties of atomic substance:

• Solid at room temperature, except mercury and inert gases

• Solid: particles are arranged closely and orderly

• Gas: particles are far apart and not orderly

• Examples: zinc, iron, helium

​Properties of molecular substance

• Exist as solid, liquid or gas at room temperature

• Solid: particles are very close (eg: naphthalene)

• Liquid: particles are close (eg: water)

• Gas: particles are far apart and not orderly (eg: oxygen gas)

​Properties of ionic substance

• ​Formed from the reaction between metal elements and non-metal elements

• ​Metal atom loses electron to form positive ion / cation.

• ​Non-metal atom accepts electrons to form negative ion / anion.

• ​State at room temperature: Solid

• ​Examples: lime juice, sodium chloride, iron oxide

Multiple Choice

Aluminium foil is a type of __________

• atomic substance

• molecular substance

• ionic substance

Multiple Choice

Copper(II) sulphate is a type of __________

• atomic substance

• molecular substance

• ionic substance

Multiple Choice

Carbon dioxide is a type of __________

• atomic substance

• molecular substance

• ionic substance

​Existence of elements in various forms

• Elements can exist in the form ​of atoms, molecules or ions

• Same elements can exist in different forms.

• ​Examples:

• Iron element can exist as iron atom (iron hammer) and iron ion (rusty iron hammer).

• ​Hydrogen element can exist as hydrogen molecule (hydrogen gas in tank) and hydrogen ion (lime juice).

Open Ended

Table salt is an ionic compound. Name one ion that makes up the table salt compound.