Health ch 6 Preventing Diseases

Health ch 6 Preventing Diseases

by Jacob Davidson

​Pathogens

Disease-causing organisms such as bacteria viruses and fungi​

​Leukocytes (white blood cells)

​the most important components of the immune system

​Antibodies

​Y shaped protein molecules that fight pathogens

​Spleen

The body's largest lymph organ​​

​Skin

The organ that serves as a shield to protect the boy from invading pathogens.​

​Tonsils and Adenoids

Special accumulations of lymphatic tissue in the throat which help defend against infection ​

​

Multiple Choice

the most important components of the immune system

• leukocytes

• antibodies

• adenoids

• thymus

Multiple Choice

Y shaped protein molecules that fight pathogens

• adenoids

• antibodies

• skin

• peyer's patches

Multiple Choice

Disease Causing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi?

• leukocytes

• spleen

• pathogens

• adenoids

Multiple Choice

The Body's largest lymph organ

• skin

• adenoids

• tonsils

• spleen

Multiple Choice

The organ that serves as a shield to protect the body from invading pathodens

• skin

• adenoids

• thyroid

• spleen

​Peyer's patches

Lymphatic tissue located in the wall of the lower small intestine​

Multiple Choice

where are white blood cells produced?

• the brain

• bone marrow

• colon

• stomach

​Bone Marrow

​This is where the white blood cells are produced

​Thymus

• ​is the boot camp (training area) for immature T cells after they have been produced by the bone marrow

• ​this gland is particularly large during childhood

Multiple Choice

What is the circled portion of the lymphatic system called?

• tonsils

• thymus

• spleen

• Peyer's patches

Multiple Choice

What is the circled portion of the lymphatic system called

• tonsils

• thymus

• spleen

• peyer's patches

Multiple Choice

What is the circled portion of the lymphatic system called

• tonsils

• thymus

• spleen

• peyer's patches

Multiple Choice

What is the circled portion of the lymphatic system called

• tonsils

• thymus

• spleen

• peyer's patches

​Other defenses of the body

• ​brain: aids the immune system by adjusting hormone levels and raising the body's temperature to help fight pathogens and signal the body that it needs rest

• ​colon: contains harmless bacteria which prevent harmful bacteria, yeast and other pathogens from taking up residence in the body

• ​lacrimal glands: produce tears which wash dust and dirt from the eyes as well as producing lysozyme an enzyme that destroys bacteria in the eye

​Other defenses of the body

• liver: filters toxins from the blood and breaks them down for elimination​

• ​lungs: produces germ-killing antibiotics into the alveoli to destroy bacteria that enter the lungs

• ​mucous membrane: found in the nose, trachea, and respiratory system contain sticky mucus that act like fly paper and trap bacteria before they can enter the lungs

​Other defenses of the body

• stomach: produces hydrochloric acid​ and enzymes which destroy bacteria

Multiple Choice

aids the immune system by adjusting hormone levels raising the body's temperature and signaling the body to rest

• brain

• stomach

• mucous membrane

• liver

Multiple Choice

produces hydrochloric acid and enzymes to destroy bacteria

• lacrimal glands

• colon

• stomach

• lungs

Multiple Choice

contains harmless bacteria which prevent harmful bacteria, yeasts, and other pathogens

• lungs

• colon

• brain

• stomach

Multiple Choice

produces tears which wash dust and dirt from the eyes also contains lysozyme to destroy bacteria

• brain

• bone marrow

• colon

• lacrimal glands

Multiple Choice

filters toxins from the blood and breaks them down for elimination

• lungs

• stomach

• liver

• colon

Infections Diseases and Defenses

6.2​

​Pathology

The Study​ of disease, its causes and its treatments

Classification of Diseases

• Disease: any condition that interferes with the body's normal functioning

• two broad groups of disease infectious and noninfectious

• ​Diseases have two duration types acute and chronic

​Infectious/Non infectious diseases

• ​Infectious:are caused by invading pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi

• Non infectious: result from factors such as aging, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance or genetic problems​

​

​Disease Duration

• ​Acute: disease that is severe but lasts a short time

• Chronic: disease that lasts for a long time or tends to recur often​

​

Multiple Select

What are the three main causes of infectious diseases?

• cancer

• bacteria

• fungi/parasites

• viruses

• school work

​Causes of Infectious Diseases

• ​Bacteria

• ​Viruses

• ​Other Pathogens

  • ​fungi

  • ​parasites

Multiple Choice

a disease that is severe but lasts only for a short time

• acute

• long term

• chronic

• quick

Multiple Choice

the study of disease, its causes, and treatments

• immunology

• pathology

• cardiology

• lymphology

Multiple Choice

caused by invading pathogens

• non infectious diseases

• viruses

• infectious diseases

• anaerobic bacteria

Multiple Choice

result from factors raging from old age to genetic disorders

• infectious diseases

• pathogens

• anaerobic bacteria

• non infectious diseases

​Bacteria

• microscopic single celled organisms

• anaerobic bacteria live in the absence of oxygen and obtain their oxygen from the food they eat​

• ​Infectious examples: strep throat, leprosy

• ​non infectious examples: lyme disease

​Viruses

• ​a tiny capsule of genetic information that can reprogram a living cell to produce new virus particles instead of the cell's normal products

• ​viruses probably cause more cases of infection than any other type of pathogen

• ​most viral diseases are communicable

​5 ways infectious diseases can spread

• ​airborne pathogens

• ​contaminated surfaces

• ​direct contact

• ​infected animals

• ​contaminated food and water

​definitions

• ​vector: an animal that transmits infection

• ​acquired immunity: immunity that results from circulating antibodies or memory cells in the bloodstream

• ​congenital diseases: diseases that occur during development in the womb and are present at birth

• ​Antibiotics: substances produced by bacteria, molds and other organisms that stop the growth of bacteria

• ​Non infectious diseases: diseases that are caused by a combination of factors such as age or heredity

Fill in the Blank

an animal that transmits an infection is called a?

Multiple Choice

The pathogens that probably cause the most cases of infectious diseases are the?

• protozoa

• bacteria

• viruses

• fungi

Multiple Choice

the wide spread single celled organisms that cause many infectious diseases are called?

• bacteria

• viruses

• protozoa

• fungi

Multiple Choice

immunity that results from circulating antibodies or memory cells in the bloodstream is called ____________ immunity

• acquired

• aerobic

• fungi

• protozoa

Fill in the Blank

diseases that occur during development in the womb and are present at birth are called___________ diseases

Multiple Choice

bacteria which live in the absence of oxygen are called _________ bacteria

• immune

• inborn

• aerobic

• anaerobic

Multiple Choice

diseases that are not caused by pathogens are called

• infectious diseases

• noninfectious diseases

• communicable diseases

• noncommunicable diseases

​immunological diseases

• diseases caused by malfunction of the immune system

• allergies: the most common form of immunological diseases

• asthma: a type of allergy in which the bronchial tubes constrict tightly

• ​autoimmune disease that occur when the immune system attacks the body

​Tumor

• a mass of rapidly reproducing cells

• benign: shows no tendency to spread through the body

• malignant: shows tendency to spread throughout the body also known as cancer​

• ​the suffix oma refers to a tumor

​Cardiovascular disease

​

• ​is the leading cause of death in the USA

• ​your risk of dying from cardiovascular disease can be drastically reduced by taking precautions at an early age

• ​

​Hypertension

• Blood pressure is the amount of force that blood exerts on the walls of the blood vessels

• high blood pressure is known medically as hypertension​

• ​a healthy blood pressure is 120 over 80

​how to prevent hypertension

1. eating a healthy diet

2. losing excess weight

3. exercising regularly​

4. ​avoidng the use of tobacco

Multiple Select

which of the following are the 4 preventative measures to prevent hypertension?

• eating healthful food

• losing excess weight

• exercising regularly

• avoiding the use of tobacco

• drinking grape juice

Multiple Choice

What disease kills the most Americans?

• cancer

• covid

• cardiovascular

• congentitive

​Cardiac arrest

• ​a condition in which the heart stops pumping blood

• ​common warnings include

  • ​shortness of breath

  • ​pale or bluish skin

  • ​weakness

  • ​uncomfortable pressure, squeezing or aching in the center of the chest lasting more than 2 minutes

Cardiovascular conditions

• heart attack

• stroke

• aneurysm ​

​integumentary system disorders

• acne

• athletes foot

• dandruff

• warts ​

​Paraplegic

• a person who has lost the use of both of their legs ​

Fill in the Blank

diseases that occur when the immune system attacks the body are called ________________ diseases

Multiple Choice

the most common form of immunological disease

• autoimmune

• ashtma

• hypertension

• allergy

Multiple Choice

the suffix oma refers to a

• paraplegic

• cardiac arrest

• asthma

• tumor

Fill in the Blank

a person who has lost the use of both legs is known as a

Multiple Choice

the term medical term for high blood presure

• hypertension

• cardiac arrest

• aneurysm

• cardiovascular

Multiple Choice

the medical term for a condition in which the heart has stopped beating

• heart attack

• hypertension

• cardiac arrest

• aneurysm

Multiple Choice

an aneurysm affects what body system

• cardiovascular

• immune

• integumentary

• musculosketal

Multiple Choice

dandruff affects what body system?

• cardiovascular

• immune

• integumentary

• musculoskeletal

Multiple Choice

asthma affects what body system

• cardiovascular

• immune

• integumentary

• musculoskeletal

blood conditions

• hepatitis: an inflammation of the liver

• ​anemia: any conditions in which a shortage of red blood cells hemoglobin exists in the blood

​precautions to help reduce the risk of food poisoning

• ​washing cutting boards, knives, and sponges in the dishwasher

• ​cooking meat, poultry, and eggs thoroughly

• ​washing your hands before and after handling food

​definitions

• dental cavities/tooth decay: the most infectious disease in man​

• ​hemophilia: a hereditary disease in which a person's blood does not clot or clots very slowly

• ​hypoglycemia: a condition of abnormally low blood sugar

• ​arthritis: condition in which joints become inflamed, making movements painful

​

​

definitions​

• ​mononucleosis: relatively common disease that affects the immune system especially of children and young adults

• ​bursitis: a condition in which a bursa becomes inflamed

• ​periodontis: a disease in which the gums detach from the teeth and bones supporting teeth are destroyed

Multiple Choice

an inflammation of the liver is called?

• anemia

• hemophilia

• hepatopathy

• hepatitis

Multiple Choice

any condition in which a shortage of red blood cells or hemoglobin exists in the blood is called

• anemia

• hemophilia

• hepatopathy

• hepatitis

Multiple Choice

all of the following are precautions to help reduce the risk of food poisoning except?

• defrosting food slowly in the sink

• washing cutting boards knives and sponges in dishwater

• cooking meat poultry and eggs thoroughly

• washing your hands before and after handling raw food

Multiple Choice

the most common infectious disease in man is?

• hemophilia

• cancer

• cardiovascular disease

• dental cavities

Multiple Choice

a hereditary disease in which a person's blood does not clot or clots very slowly?

• hemophilia

• hypoglycemia

• arthritis

• anemia

Multiple Choice

a condition of abnormally low blood sugar is called

• hyperglycemia

• hypoglycemia

• bursitis

• arthritis

Multiple Choice

the condition in which joints become inflamed making movements painful is called

• bursitis

• periodontitis

• arthritis

• mono

Fill in the Blank

a relatively common disease that affects the immune system especially of children and young adults is called

Multiple Choice

when a bursa becomes inflamed the condition is called?

• bursitis

• periodontitis

• arthritis

• mono

Multiple Choice

a disease in which the gums detach from the teeth and the bones supporting the teeth are destroyed is called

• arthritis

• bursitis

• periodontitis

• dental cavities