ADVANCED MODALS

ADVANCED MODALS

​PRESENT AND FUTURE

​

by Louisa KM

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​don't have to - absence of obligation

​

​

​mustn't - obligation not to do sth (prohibition)

Multiple Choice

You .... leave the room before the end of the test.

• mustn't

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

You .... work tomorrow, it's Sunday.

• mustn't

• don't have to

Multiple Choice

Students ... under any circumstances smoke on the school premises.

• mustn't

• don't have to

​SHOULD = OUGHT TO

​- Expectation

​This film should be really good.

​

​- Recommendation (+ I think)

I think you should consider this carefully.

​

​- Criticism

​You shouldn't eat so much.

​should

​- Strong obligation, expressed politely

​Guests should vacate their rooms by midday.

​-Uncertainty

​Should I stay or should I go?

​- should + verbs of thinking - to make an opinion less direct

​I should think this model would sell quite well.

​- describing chance - + odd, strange, funny

​It's strange that we should be staying in the same hotel.

​- after in case

​I'm taking an umbrella in case it should rain.

​SHOULD

After if in conditional sentences -to make an event seem more unlikely:

​-If you should see Ann, could you tell her to call me?

Should you need any further information feel free to contact me.

​

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​had better

a recommendation for the future ​ or present = should = ought to

​

​You'd better watch out,

​You'd better not cry...

Multiple Select

I think it's wrong for you to work so hard.

is the same as

You ..... work so hard.

• mustn't

• don't have to

• ought not to

• shouldn't

​COULD

​- POSSIBILITY OR UNCERTAINTY (speculation; = might/may)

​This could be the house.

​​- possibility or impossibility

​The situation couldn't be worse. ​It could be better.

​​- suggestion

​You could go to that new restaurant opposite the station.

• ​unwillingness - couldn't possibly

​I couldn't possibly call him!

​CAN

• CRITICISM - You can be really annoying!

• ​

• ​capability - something which often happens

• ​

• ​ability - I can read

• ​

• ​Permission - Can I go out?

Multiple Choice

There are times when traffic ... be really heavy.

• can

• must

• could

• should

​MUST vs CAN'T

This must be our stop. = I'm sure it is.

​

​This can't be our stop. = I'm sure it isn't.

Multiple Choice

That .... be the hotel Jack told us about! It perfectly fits the description.

• can

• must

• could

• can't

Multiple Choice

That .... be the hotel Jack told us about! It is much bigger than he said and the walls are different colour.

• can

• must

• could

• can't

Multiple Choice

That .... be the hotel Jack told us about!, but I'm not sure.

• can

• must

• could

• can't

​MAY and MIGHT

​- to express although:

​You may be the boss, but that's no excuse for shouting like that!

​

​- may/might as well - resignation

​Nobody is going to turn up for the lesson. We may as well go home.

​

​- try as I might - no matter how much I tried

​Try as I might, I couldn't solve the problem

​SHALL

• SOMETHING THE SPEAKER IS CERTAIN WILL HAPPEN

• We shall win!

• ​Formal rules and regulations

• ​No one shall enter this room.

• ​OFFER

• ​Shall I help you?

Multiple Choice

I don't think you .... tell anyone yet.

• could

• should

Multiple Choice

You .... possibly leave without paying!

• couldn't

• shouldn't

Multiple Choice

It ... be cold outside, the people are wearing t-shirts!

• mustn't

• can't

Multiple Choice

There are times when the weather ... be really windy in autumn. (It often happens)

• can

• could

Multiple Choice

You ... be older than me, but that doesn't mean you are cleverer!

• could

• may

Multiple Choice

No member of the association ... remove official documents without permission.

• must

• shall