6.1 c: Acid/Base Reactions

Acid/Base Reactions

Y12 Chemistry

​What we will be covering...

• ​How acids and bases are named

• ​Common/general acid/base reactions

• ​Enthalpy of neutralisation

​Naming acids

• ​When naming simple acids composed of hydrogen and another element (an anion)

  • ​HA

• ​Change the elements name from an '-ide' ending, to a '-ic acid'

  • ​e.g. hydrogen chloride, becomes hydrochloric acid

• ​When naming oxyacids, the acid name ends in '-ous acid'

  • ​sulforous acid (H₂SO₃) compared to hydrosulfuric acid (H₂S)

Multiple Choice

What is the formula for hydrobromic acid?

• HOBr

• H₂Br

• HBr

• HBr₂

Multiple Choice

Name HF

• hydrofluoric acid
• Hypofluoric acid
• hydrogen fluorine acid
• fluoric acid

​Common acid/base reactions

• ​acid + base

  • ​neutralisation

• ​acid + carbonate

• ​acid + metal

​Acid + base

• ​acid + base --> salt + water

  • ​base generally either an oxide or hydroxide

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?

• 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl

• CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

• HCl + KOH → KCl + H₂O

• CaCO₃ → CO₂ + CaO

Multiple Choice

HCO₃^- + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + CO₃^2-

Water is acting as

• a Bronsted Lowry base

• a Bronsted Lowry acid

• a strong acid

• a weak acid

​Acid + carbonate

• ​acid + carbonate --> salt + carbon dioxide + water

Multiple Choice

nitric acid + magnesium carbonate --> ..........+...........+............

• magnesium nitrate + water

• magnesium oxide + water

• magnesium oxide + water + hydrogen

• magnesium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide

​Acid + metal

• ​acid + metal --> salt + hydrogen gas

Multiple Choice

Predict the products of this reaction.

HCl + Ca(OH)2

• NaCl

• CaCl2

• CaCl2 + H2O

• H2O

Multiple Choice

Magnesium + sulphuric acid --> ?

• magnesium sulfate + water
• magnesium sulfate + hydrogen
• magnesium chloride + hydrogen
• magnesium chloride + water

Multiple Choice

Which of the following chemical reactions represents an acid-base reaction?

• HBr + KOH → KBr + H₂O

• ZnCl₂ + MgSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + MgCl₂

• H₂SO₄ + CaCl₂ → CaSO₄ + HCl

• NH₄OH + KCl → KOH + NH₄Cl

Multiple Choice

Identify the salt in the following equation:

HNO₃ + Zn(OH)₂ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + H₂O

• HNO₃

• Zn(OH)₂

• Zn(NO₃)₂

• H₂O

​Calculating the amount of base needed to neutralise an acid

What volume of a 0.20 mol/L solution of barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂) would be required to neutralise 150mL of a 0.15 mol/L solution of nitric acid (HNO₃)?

​Enthalpy of neutralisation

• ​thermal energy change in the reaction when an acid and base react (to make a salt and 1 mol of water)

• ​exothermic reaction

• ​measure this using calorimetry

  • ​q = mc(delta)T

​50.0mL of diluted sodium hydroxide solution was added to neutralise 50.0mL of 2.0 mol/L solution of ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH). The temperature of the mixture rose from 22.0 to 33.7 C.

​Determine the enthalpy of neutralisation.