tiếng việt unit 1

UNIT 1: Chào hỏi

​Read out loud this conversation

​Read out loud this conversation

​New vocabulary ( Từ mới)

​- Chào: hello

​- Xin lỗi: sorry

​- Tên: name

​- Nước: country, water,

​- Nào: the question word like "which one"

​ For example: Em thích cái nào ?

​ ( Em thích cái nào ?)

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​- Người: person/ people

​- Là: like to be in english

​ - Rất: very

​- vui: happy/nice

​- rất vui được gặp: nice to meet.......

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​Xin chào

​ - Can use "xin chào" to everyone. No matter their age, gender, generation.

​ BUT it is very formal and we don't often use in in daily speaking. It is often used in presentation, meeting, formal sitution.....

​ For example:

​ You can use "xin chào" to talk to your customer in businees:

" xin chào ông/bà+ their name"​

Chào​

- Chào + pronoun (Most common way)

​ For example: Chào anh, chào chị, chào bác,...........

​- Chào + pronoun + their name ( More friendly)

​ For example: Chào anh Peter

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​You can use 2 these ways for everyone in daily conversation

​- With your friend and younger people:

​ Chào+ their name

​ EX: Chào Xuân

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​-You can also use “Ê!” which sounds like “Hey!” in English. This is a very informal way to call someone so you should use it with the people you know well and they are at the same as yours or younger.

​Get Attention From Someone, Use The Word “Ơi!

You can use “ơi” with different pronouns, depending on whom you want to get the attention. You can also add the name of the person in front of the word “ơi”.

For example:

• Lan ơi! (Lan is a name of a person)

• Bạn ơi! (to call someone who looks as at the same age as you)​

​ When you are in a restaurant and you want to get the attention from the waitress, ​you might need to say it out loud, such as “Em ơi!”/"chị ơi"....., and don’t forget to extend the word “ơi” in a longer period of time.

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Other Basic Vietnamese Phrases For Greetings​

English	Vietnamese
How are you?	Bạn khoẻ không?
Nice to Meet You	Rất vui được gặp bạn!
What's up!	Có chuyện gì không?
Long time no see!	Lâu không gặp bạn!
It's nice to see you again!	Rất vui được gặp lại bạn!
How's your day?	Hôm nay bạn thế nào?
Have you eaten?	Bạn ăn cơm chưa?
Welcome to ___!	Chào mừng bạn đến với ___!
Have a good day!	Ngày mới vui vẻ nhé! / Ngày mới tốt lành nhé!
How’s it going?	Dạo này bạn thế nào?

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​Saying Goodbye In Vietnamese

There are many ways to say goodbye to someone in Vietnam. Here are some examples:

English	Vietnamese	Informal / Formal
Goodbye!	Xin tạm biệt! / Chào tạm biệt!	Formal
Goodbye!	Xin kính chào và tạm biệt!	Formal
Goodbye!	Vĩnh biệt! / Từ biệt!	Formal, only say when you don’t see someone ever again.
Bye!	Chào nhé! / Đi nhé!	Informal
See you later!	Gặp lại sau!	Informal
See you later!	Hẹn gặp lại!	Formal
Keep in touch!	Giữ liên lạc nhé!	Informal
I hope to see you again	Mong được gặp lại (+ pronoun)	Formal

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Bowing Or Waving/Shaking A Hand To Say Hello In Vietnamese Culture​

-Bowing to greet elder people

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- Shaking hand in business or formal situation

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-Waving a hand or pat shoulder

to say hello to your friends

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Multiple Choice

If you meet a 5 years old boy, how can use say "Hello" with him ?

• Chào anh

• Chào em

• Chào con

• Chào bạn

​Vietnamese Sentence Structure

The basic affirmative sentence in Vietnamese is formed with subject + verb + object.

SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

Anh ăn cơm.

You eat rice.

​Vietnamese Tense Words

Past Tense

To describe an event in the past, you can use 'đã' before the main verb. E.g. Bạn đã đến Việt Nam. (You went to Vietnam.).

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You can also use some time phrases to define the past such as 'hôm qua' (yesterday), 'tuần trước' (last week), 'năm trước' or 'năm ngoái' (last year).

'Hồi' (when) is used to start a time phrase or a clause to bring the listener back to the past. For instance, 'Hồi tôi ở Mỹ, tôi hay đi leo núi.' (When I lived in the States, I used to go hiking.)

Present Tense

If it's a simple sentence tense, you can just use the verb alone without adding any other words or phrases.

If you want to describe a continuous action or what is happening, put 'đang' before the main verb. E.g, 'Cô ấy đang học tiếng Việt.' (She is learning Vietnamese.)

You can also use the following time phrases: 'hôm nay' (today), 'bây giờ' (now), 'ngay bây giờ' or 'tại thời điểm này' (at the moment).​

​Future Tense

There are different ways to say something will happen. You can use each way separately or combine them together.

The first way is to use 'sẽ' before the main verb. For example, 'Tôi sẽ lấy vợ Việt Nam.' (I will marry a Vietnamese woman.)

The second way is using time phrases like 'ngày mai' (tomorrow), 'tuần tới' or 'tuần sau' (next week), 'năm tới' or 'năm sau' (next year), 'cuối năm nay' (at the end of this year), 'cuối tuần này' (at the end of this week).

The third way is using a clause to describe what will happen when it finishes. In this case, you can use 'khi' (when) or 'sau khi' (after) to start the clause. For example, 'Sau khi tôi tốt nghiệp, tôi sẽ kiếm việc làm.' (After I graduate, I will find a job.).  

​Questions With A Question Word

Questions words in Vietnamese include 'Cái gì' (What), 'Khi nào' (When), 'Tại sao' (Why), 'Bằng cách nào' (How - manner), 'Như thế nào' (How - manner or feeling), 'Ai' (Who, Whom), 'Của Ai' (Whose), 'Cái nào' (Which).

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​Question word + Subject + Verb+ Object + ?

Example: Tại sao bạn thích món ăn Việt Nam? (Why do you like Vietnamese food?)

Subject + Verb + Object + Question word + ?

Example: Bạn cảm thấy như thế nào? (How do you feel?)

Yes-No Questions​

To make yes-no questions, you can use these words at the end of an SVO: chứ, nhỉ, hả, không, phải không, phải chứ, đúng không, đúng chứ, được không, được chứ.

The words are slightly different in meanings. Let's look at the following examples:

• Bạn thích du lịch không? (Do you like traveling?)

• Bạn thích du lịch đúng không? (You like traveling, don't you?)

The second question shows your guess and asks for confirmation. The first question is simple a yes-no question.​

​How To Create A Negative Sentence

To create a negative sentence in Vietnamese, you can simply add 'không' before a verb. 'Không' means no or not in Vietnamese.

E.g. Tôi không thích ăn cá. - I do not like eating fish.

If you want to say something with a to-be verb like isn't, aren't, am not, you should say 'không phải là'.

E.g. Bạn không phải là giáo viên. - You are not a teacher.

If you want to express what has not been done, you can use 'chưa' before a verb.

E.g. Bố tôi chưa gọi cho tôi. - My dad has not called me yet.​

Hỏi tên​

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• " Gì" stand in the end of sentence. It is the word to ask "what" in english

• ​" Là" is like to be in english. "là" conect subject and noun together

​ Hỏi quốc tịch

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​Viết một đoạn văn ngắn về bản thân dựa vào các câu hỏi

​ Anh tên là gì?

Anh là người nước nào?

Anh thích cái gì ?

​Anh không thích cái gì ?

​Hôm nay anh đã làm gì ?

​Ngày mai anh sẽ làm gì ?