YI4 - 9D - Participle clauses

YI4 - 9D - Participle clauses

by Hiền Phạm

​Speaking

​Do you think space programs, which cost millions, are a good way for governments to spend money? Give reasons.

​Read part 1 of the article

​How would you have felt if you had been one of the Apollo 13 astronauts?

​Apollo 13, launched from Florida on 11 April 1970, was the third Apollo mission designed to land on the moon. The three astronauts chosen for the mission were James Lovell, Fred Haise and John Swigert. The launch, watched by millions on TV, went smoothly and for the first two days in space, everything went well. The crew gave a 49-minute TV interview explaining how they lived and worked in zero gravity. However, nine minutes after the interview finished, a tank containing oxygen exploded and John Swigert, noticing a red warning light, said the famous words: ' Houston, we've had a problem here.' They were in a damaged spaceship floating 320 000 kilometers from Earth.

​Read part 1 of the article

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The crew gave a 49-minute TV interview which explained how they lived and worked in zero gravity.

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1/ Defining or non-defining Relative Clause

2/ Active or Passive ​

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​Read part 1 of the article

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​Apollo 13, which was launched from Florida on 11 April 1970, was the third Apollo mission which was designed to land on the moon.

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1/ Defining or non-defining Relative Clause

2/ Active or Passive ​

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​Participle Clauses (PC) - V-ing

​1/ to give more information about a noun.

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​2/ It's also called shortened relative clauses (defining or non-defining)

​Example: There were two men who were sitting on the bench.

​--> Participle clause:

​There were two men sitting on the bench.

​Participle Clauses (PC) - V-ing

​1/ begin with a present participle (-ing form)

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​2/ The participle clauses can begin with an active verb of any tense, including state verbs ( love, like, believe, need, want, etc.)

​​EX 2: Students who need a lift should wait here.

​--> PC: Students needing a lift should wait here.

Ex 1: I saw a man who was wearing a space suit.

​--> PC: I saw a man wearing a space suit.​

​Participle Clauses (PC) - V3/-ed

​1/ also begin with a past participle

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​2/ The participle replaces a passive verb of any tense.

​--> PC: We lived in a large house, built in the 17th century.

​Ex: We lived in a large house, which had been built in the 17th century.

PRACTICE​