REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU GIÁN TIẾP)

created by Thảo Linh Nguyễn

​Peter

Anna

Jennie

​Anna

Multiple Choice

Q. Did Anna use the exact words of Peter's?

• Yes

• No

​Peter

​Anna

​Jennie

Multiple Choice

Q. Did Anna use the exact words of Peter's?

• Yes

• No

​Indirect Speech

​Direct Speech

​REPORTED SPEECH

​

So when we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker’s exact words (direct speech), but transform it to a reported (indirect) speech.

​INDIRECT SPEECH

​STATEMENTS

​QUESTIONS

​IMPERATIVES

​WH-QUESTION

​YES/NO QUESTION

​STATEMENT IN DIRECT SPEECH

FORMULA​

Reporting verb (động từ trần thuật) + (that) + S + V

Example: ​

He said, “I am glad to see you today”.

​(Anh ấy nói: “Tôi rất vui được gặp anh ngày hôm nay ”.)

​

He said (that) he was glad to see me that day.

(Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy rất vui được gặp tôi ngày hôm đó.)

​QUESTIONS IN INDIRECT SPEECH

​Wh-questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi)

Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi được bắt đầu bằng các từ để hỏi: what, which, who, whom, whose, where, when, why, how.​

FORMULA

Reporting verb (động từ trần thuật) + (object) + wh-word + S + V

​Ví dụ: She said, “What did you do yesterday?”

(Cô ấy hỏi: “Tối qua bạn làm gì? ”.)

She asked (me)/ wanted to know/ wondered what I had done the previous day / the day before.

(Cô ấy hỏi (tôi)/ muốn biết/ tự hỏi xem tôi đã làm gì vào ngày hôm trước.)

​IMPERATIVES IN INDIRECT SPEECH

​- Nếu câu trực tiếp là một câu mệnh lệnh thì câu gián tiếp sẽ sử dụng các động từ chỉ mệnh lệnh như: tell/ ask (yêu cầu), order (ra lệnh)... theo sau là các tân ngữ trực tiếp và động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infìnitive).

​FORMULA

reporting verb + object + (not) to - infinitive

​He said, “Hurry up, Tim”.

(Anh ấy nói: “Nhanh lên, Tim ”.)

He told Tim to hurry up.

(Anh ấy bảo Tim nhanh lên.)

​He said, “Don’t move ".

(Anh ấy nói: “Đừng động đậy’’.)

He ordered me not to leave.

(Anh ấy ra lệnh cho tôi không được động đậy)

​Yes - No questions (Câu hỏi có - không)

- Khi tường thuật các loại câu hỏi này, càn phải thêm từ if hoặc whether (or not) (Có nghĩa là có phải ...không) trước chủ ngữ của câu hỏi được trần thuật.

FORMULA​

Reporting verb (động từ trần thuật) + (object) + if/ whether + S + V(or not)

​He said, “Do you like English?”

(Anh ấy nói: “Bạn có thích tiếng Anh không? ”.)

He asked (me) if / whether I liked English (or not).

(Anh ấy hỏi (tôi) xem liệu tôi có thích tiếng Anh không.)

​​Khi chuyển từ một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần nhớ có ba sự thay đổi:

+ Thì của động từ

+ Đại từ

+ Trạng từ chỉ không gian và thời gian.

​1. Thay đổi động từ (Changes in verbs)

In reported speech if the reporting verb is in the past form (said, told,…) we have to change the tense (this is called backshift)​

​Backshift of tenses in Reported speech – Exercise

Multiple Choice

Benjamin: "I often have a big hamburger."

Benjamin says (that) ..............................

• he often has a big hamburger.

• he often had a big hamburger.

Multiple Choice

Hannah: "They lived in Boston."

Hannah said (that) ...............................

• they had lived in Boston.

• they lived in Boston.

Multiple Choice

Tyler: "Ian doesn't invite girls to his parties."

Tyler told me (that) ..................................

• Ian didn't invite girls to his parties.

• Ian doesn't invite girls to his parties.

Multiple Choice

Dominic: "She understands Japanese."

Dominic remarks (that) ....................

• she understands Japanese.

• she understood Japanese.

Multiple Choice

Sophia: "Bella doesn't collect stickers."

Sophia explains (that)

• Bella doesn't collect stickers.

• Bella didn't collect stickers.

​2. Change of persons/pronouns

​Example:

​Indirect

Multiple Choice

Jacob: "I work in an office."

--> Jacob told me (that) _____  worked in an office.

• he 

• her 

• him 

• they

Multiple Choice

Ryan and Lucas: "We play football." Ryan and Lucas told me (that) _____  played football.

• him 

• my 

• our 

• they

Multiple Choice

Victoria: "I like my cat."

--> Victoria told me (that) _____  liked _____  cat.

• I /  my   

• he  /their 

• she/her

• she/his

Fill in the Blank

Leah: "How is your journey?"

--> Leah asked me how _____  journey was.

​Conversion of expressions of time and place

(Thay đổi tính từ và trạng từ chỉ khái niệm gần xa trong không gian và thời gian)​

​Conversion of time phrases in Reported speech – Exercise

Multiple Choice

today →  ........

• a week before 

• that day 

• that morning 

• the day before 

Multiple Choice

yesterday →     

• a day before 

• the day before 

• the following day  

• the next day 

Multiple Choice

this book --> ..........

• there book

• that books

• these books

• that book

Fill in the Blank

Direct Speech → Peter: “I worked here.”

Indirect Speech → Peter said (that) he had worked .......

Fill in the Blank

He said: "It is cold in these buildings."

→ He said that it was cold in ........... buildings.

Multiple Choice

Q. 

Tom said ‘I’m going to London tomorrow.’

--> ..................................................................................

• Tom said he is going to London the following day.

• Tom said he was going to London tomorrow.

• Tom said he was going to London the following day.

​Additional information

In some cases backshift of tenses is not necessary, e.g. when statements are still true. Backshift of tenses is never wrong.

• John: “My brother is at Leipzig university.”

• John said (that) his brother was at Leipzig university. or

• John said (that) his brother is at Leipzig university.