Problems Associated with Urban Growth

Problems Associated with Urban Growth

IGCSE Geography

Lesson Objectives:

IGCSE Geography

• Explain the problems or urban areas, their causes and possible solutions:

  • pollution (group 1)

  • ​traffic congestion (group 2)

  • inequality (Group 3)

  • conflicts over land use change (Group 4)

  • housing (Group 5)

• Start preparing your Nansha Project Model​

Sprawl or Grow Tall Vid

https://www.britannica.com/video/185591/energy-efficiency-impact-cities-ones

Problems associated with Urban Growth

• pollution (air, noise, water, light)

• inequality

• housing issues

• traffic congestion

• conflicts over land-use change​

Urban areas are facing a range of environmental health challenges including contamination of air, water and soil.

Pollution

Poor air quality affects half of the world's urban population.

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Air

Road traffic noise related to traffic volume:

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*out migration of people

*raised blood pressure, heart disease, stress, annoyance, and sleep disturbance​

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​​Noise

Industries and vehicles discharge pollutants:

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*polluted rivers (some caught fire)

*toxic froth​

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​​Water

Excessive artificial light:

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*effects on human health

*loss of sleep and headaches

*distuptive to nortunal animals

*waste of energy​

Light

In all cities there is inequality: contrast between the rich and the poor.

Inequality

Located in inner-city areas, edge-of-town estates and high-rise flats.

Poor in High-Income Countries (HICs)

Tend to be located in shanty towns or informal settlements.

Poor in Low-Income Countries (LICs)

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​Shows the proportion of income that the rich and the poor have in Brazil.

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*It shows that the top 10% of households have 40% of the wealth and the bottom 25% have less than 5% of the wealth.​

Provision of enough quality housing is a major problem in LICs.

Housing Issues

With proper water, sanitation, electricity and space.

Quality

Having enough unit to meed the demand.

Quantity

Availability and Affordability

Ownership or rental

Housing Tenure

​4 Aspects to the Management of Housing Stock

Increased Demand for Housing is Generated by the following:

• people moving to urban areas in search of work and a higher standard of living

• longer life expectancy

• young people leaving home earlier

• more families splitting up and moving into separate homes

• more people preferring modern houses with good facilities​

Traffic congestion is a condition in transport that is characterised by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing.

Traffic Congestion

* Delay journeys and make people late for work, meetings, school

*Fuel consumption and increase greenhouse emissions​

Economic and Environmental Effects

*Road rage

*People's health (stress and poor air quality)

*​Pollution causes cancer

Human Effects

Conflicts over Land-use Change

Refers to any way in which humans modify the natural landscape. For example, permanent destruction (urban expansion) and forest restoration (repair damages)

A site that has not previously been developed. Mostly located on edge of town, although not necessarily so.

Greenfield

A site that has previously been used and has become derelict (in poor condition). It has to be made safe before it can be used for housing or other development.

Brownfield

Nansha Project

Model Making

Goal

Research how SDG 11 is present in the Nansha Bay Area and parent suggestions to the city government.

Nansha Project GRASPS

Role

Supposed that you are part the Architecture and Land Use Department of Guangzhou Municipal People's Council.

Nansha Project GRASPS

Audience

Visitors of the planned exhibit entitled "Nansha's Sustainability and Future" at the Nansha Library on January 24th.

Nansha Project GRASPS

Situation

You group has selected one SDG 11 target and researched how it is being implemented in Nansha District's Bay Area.

Nansha Project GRASPS

Product/Performance

Standard

Each group will be graded based on the following components:

Nansha Project GRASPS

• Knowledge

• Geographic Perspectives​

• Mechanics

• Elocution

​Mr. Ebro

Ms. Jona

• Model

Mr. Ebro, Ms. Jona, and other Groups

35%

25%

25%

15%

• Peer Grading

Group Members

Physical models are used to visualize the information about the topic the model represents. It's helpful to examine specific components about a process.

Model Making

Nansha Project