Digestive system

Digestive system

By Sara Alattar

Open Ended

List 3 organs included in the digestive system

Multiple Choice

Chemical digestion is the action of _______________________ in breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules

• enzymes
• heat
• acids
• bacteria

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What has happened to the food you ate today?

Mouth

Esophagus

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large Intestine

Liver

Gall Bladder

Pancreas

Multiple Choice

Amylase Enzyme is responsible for digesting _______

• Proteins

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

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Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular

tube that connects the

pharynx to the stomach.

Smooth muscles contract to

move food through the

digestive system in a process

called peristalsis.

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Multiple Choice

Peristalsis is________

_

• The muscle movement in the esophagus

• The muscle movement in the stomach

• The muscle movement in the heart

Multiple Choice

True or false: Digestion in the esophagus is mechanical only

• True, chemical digestion does not occur in the esophagus

• False, No digestion occurs in the esophagus.

Stomach

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Mechanical digestion in the stomach is known as

Churning.

Stomach smooth muscles contractions breaks it down

food and forms a liquid mixture called chyme.

Chyme is a semi-liquid mixture of partially digested

food and stomach fluids that is produced in the

stomach during the process of digestion.

​As the food get mixed with the gastric juices of the stomach and becomes partially broken down both mechanically and chemically, it turns into chyme.

Multiple Choice

Mechanical digestion in the stomach is known as __________

• secretion
• Churning

• absorption

Stomach

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Chemical Digestion:

➢ Stomach acid (hydrochloric acid-HCl)

It’s secreted by the stomach lining and has several

important functions:

Creates environment necessary for enzymes to work

Kills harmful bacteria and pathogens ( causes of

infectious diseases )

➢ Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down

proteins into smaller peptides.

Multiple Choice

The main function of stomach acid (hydrochloric acid-HCl) is __________

• The main function of stomach acid is to aid in digestion by creating environment necessary for enzymes to work

• To produce bile for fat digestion.
• To absorb nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

Multiple Choice

Pepsin enzyme is responsible for________

• synthesis of lipids
• digestion of carbohydrates
• digestion of proteins

Multiple Choice

Stomach muscles contractions breaks down food and forms a liquid mixture called ___________

• chyme

• acid

• Enzyme

Small Intestine

It is approximately 7 m in length

Smooth muscles in the wall of the small

intestine continue the process of mechanical

digestion and push the chyme farther through

the digestive tract by peristalsis.

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Small Intestine
Chemical digestion:

• Most chemical digestion occurs in the small

intestine.

• The partially digested fats, carbohydrates and proteins are digested in small intestine

• Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls.

People can have pieces
of the small intestine
removed but it is very
hard for their bodies to
get the right nutrients.

Multiple Choice

Villi and microvilli, provides a large surface area for efficient _________________________

• gas exchange
• hormone secretion
• nutrient absorption
• waste elimination

Multiple Choice

Nutrients from the food pass into the ________ through the small intestine walls.

• Bones

• Nervous system

• Bloodstream

Multiple Choice

Most nutrients digestion and absorption occurs in ____________

• small intestine
• large intestine
• stomach

Digestion in the small intestine

depends on the activities of

three organs (Accessory

Organs):

➢ The pancreas

➢ The liver

➢ The gallbladder

Why are these
organs (liver,
pancreas and

gallbladder) called
accessory organs?

The liver, pancreas, and

gallbladder are referred to as

"accessory organs" in the

digestive system because they
assist in the process of digestion

but are not part of the main

digestive tract

Liver

• Directly affects digestion by producing bile

• Bile is a liquid helps digest fat.

• Processes nutrients in the blood, filters out

toxins and waste.

• Is often called the body’s energy factory.

• You cannot live without a liver, although you

can live with a part of one.

Open Ended

List two functions of the liver

Gall Bladder

•Stores bile from the liver.

•Delivers bile when food is digested.

•Fatty diets can cause gallstones.

•You can live without a gallbladder.

Open Ended

What is the importance of gallbladder?

​Pancreas

Pancreas

Multiple Choice

Pancreas is responsible for _____

• Regulating blood sugar

• Regulating temperature

• Regulating minerals balance

Multiple Choice

Lipase is ______________

• an enzyme that breaks down fats
• an enzyme that breaks down proteins

• an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Amylase is only produced by by the salivary glands in the mouth.

• True

• False

Large Intestine

• Accepts what small intestines DON NOT

absorb.

• Absorbs water and minerals from the

waste matter.

• Bacteria in the large intestine break down

some undigested food and manufacture
substances needed by our bodies e.g.
vitamin K.

• You can lose a large part of this and still

survive.

Multiple Choice

Water and minerals are absorbed from the waste matter in ________

• Large intestines

• Small intestines

Multiple Choice

The large intestine absorbs water, electrolytes (like sodium and potassium), and certain vitamins, especially vitamin K.

True or false

• True

• False

Fun Facts

• HOW LONG ARE YOUR INTESTINES? At least 7.62 meters in an adult.

horse -- their coiled-up intestines are 27 meters long!

• Food drying up and hanging out in the large
intestine can last 18 hours to 2 days!

• In your lifetime, your digestive system may
handle about 50 tons!!

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