Ch.7 Ancient China

Ch.7 Ancient China

By Jade Dolan

Section 1

Geography​

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Chinese Geography

• China is the 3rd largest in the world.

• Southwest = Himalayan Mountains

• North = Gobi Desert

• East = Yellow Sea, East China Sea, South China Sea

• China very isolated and protected

• The Huang He River (Yellow River) carries and deposits silt, flooding is unpredictable

• Yangtxe River: deposits silt good for trade and transportation​

Multiple Select

Select the two rivers that make agriculture (farming) possible in China.

• Huang He (Yellow River)

• Indus River

• Ganges River

• Yangzi River

• Jordan River

Section 2: Religion

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Ancestor Worship & Oracle Bones

• Religion centered on ancestor worship.

• Kings' tombs and family alters show that they believed in life after death.

• Oracle bones were used to seek advise from ancestors (when to hunt, where to build cities, someone's future, and whether to go to war. A "diviner" (special preist or advisor to the king) would translate the message.

Multiple Choice

Oracle Bones were used to...

• behead prisoners and slaves during human sacrifices

• seek advice from ancestors.

• hunt turtles from above the water's surface

• carve religious art into the walls of temples

Buddhism reaches China

• ​Spread to China through trade with India

• Buddhism is the primary faith

• Buddhist ideas spread during a time of war

• Appealed to the poor and scared​ that anyone could gain Enlightenment

Buddhism reaches China

• ​Tibetan Buddhists Monks

  • a large section of Buddhists monks in Asia

  • Leader the Dalai L​ama

  • Dalai Lama is the title given to the leader of the monk at at one time Tibet.

  • the 14th Dalai Lama has become the most famous due to his​ his advocacy of Buddhism and of the rights of the people of Tibet

Three Chinese Philosophies

Confucianism

Daoism/Taoism

Legalism

​

Confucianism

• Found by Confucius.

• Key Ideas:

  • People should put the needs of family first

  • Focused on being a good person​

• ​Other Information:

  • Had a major influence on Chinese culture, especially with the Han dynasty.

  • Values respect for elders, proper behavior, love of studying.

  • All men should be able to serve in government not just the rich

  • Led to exams (Civil Service) for government jobs to determine the best for the position​

Multiple Choice

Which of these is NOT something that aligns with Confucianism?

• decreased the importance of elder status.

• placed and importance on healthy relationship with friends & family.

• More importance on what someone can do and not just on the family they were born in.

Daoism

• Fondeder: Laozi. Believed in "Dao", which means "The Way"

• ​Key Ideas:​

  • Believed true harmony comes from balance. (Yin & Yang)

• ​Other Information:

  • Everyone must discover the Dao for themselves. Too many laws and rules cause conflict.

  • The best ruler was the one who ruled the least. Wanted government to not interfere with people's lives

  • Ying-Yang represents balance of nature​

  • ​

Multiple Choice

Which statement best matches the belief of Daoism?

• Hard work will lead to a life of happiness.

• A strong government forces people to be the best citizens possible.

• A life of scholarship & knowledge is a life well-spent.

• People cannon experience pleasure without pain.

Leagalism

• Founder: Shi Huandi

• Key Ideas:​

  • Wanted to create peace & order.

  • Believed people were naturally selfish.

  • To bring order strict laws and harsh punishments were needed.

  • Rulers should trust no one, not even their own family.

  • NO RELIGION NEEDED​​

• ​Other Ideas:

  • Humans are naturally evil and need to be controlled​

    • ​

Multiple Choice

Why did leaders of China seek out the three major schools of thought, Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism?

• People no longer wanted to believe in the Mandate of Heaven.

• Conflict rose with the Warring States period.

• The King was no longer looked at as a god, and wanted to regain his superior power.

Poll

If you were to live in Ancient China, which philosophy would you like to live under?

• Confucianism

• Daoism

• Legalism

Section 3:

Achievements​

• Metal:

  • Learned to make steel

    • Used for weapons and tools (plow)

    • Stronger than iron​

• Printing:

  • developed paper money

  • learned to print books using movable type​

  • paper

  ​​

​

• ​Gun Powder:

  • used gunpowder​ in weapons and FIREWORKS

• Sailing:

  • built large ships to explore with sails and rudders

  • Magnetic compass​

• Pretty Stuff​​

  • Porcelain - fine pottery, plates cups, vases, and figurines

  • Landscaping​​

  • Jade - precious stone found in Asia

• ​

• Literature:

  • Poetry - wrote about pretty stuff and WAR​

• Writing

  • Symbols and pictograhs

  • Calligraphy - fancy writing using a brush and ink

• Art​

  • Masks

  • Ink Art​

  • Opera

  • Paper cutting

Lion Masks

Dragon Head Masks

Poll

Which one do you find the scariest?

Multiple Choice

Chinese New Year is

• a dance

• a monster

• a festival

The Lion Mask

​

• used in a dance

• Chinese New Year

• It is Nian

中国传统艺术

—— 剪纸

Chinese traditional art —— papercutting

Multiple Choice

An 'Opera' is

Section 4:

Politics/Government​

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• Ancient China was a ruled by a monarchy

• The Empires of China were ruled by dynasties

  • dynasty: ​a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.

• The ruler was known as an emperor and had absolute power

• Feudal System:

  • Lords owned the land and farmers worked in the fields giving a portion back to the Lord

  • Civil Servants worked under the emperor to run cities, collect taxes and enorce laws

Section 5:

Economics​

• Most people in China were farmers with agrarian life styles

• China trades​ cattle, iron, silk, paper, and salt

• Much like India: China established a system of weighs and balances

• China standardized road width so that carts could easily travelsily travel from one region to another​

• Using the Silk Road China allowed external trade with places as far as Greece. ​

  • China sent: paper, silk, jade

  • China got: lapis lazuli, coral, glass, and pearls

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Section 6:

Social Structure​

Part 2:

History of China​

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Section 7:

Shang Dynasty​

• ​1750BC - 1050BC

• Empire located between the Huang He and the Chang Jiang River Valleys​

• Shang Dynasty is the first confirmed dynasty to unite China

• ​Warlords were given spots of nobility to help keep the emperors in power.

• Writing emerged

• Used oracle bones to answer questions and predict the future

• Honored and prayed to ancestor (Ancestor worship)

• Carved Jade and used Bronze as main metal of this time period​

Section 8:

Zhou Dynasty​

• 1045BC - 256BC

• Feudal System

  • Emperor divided land between the nobles/government officials

  • Nobles/government officials promised military support to the emperor

  • Peasants worked the nobles land to gain protection during invasions

  • ​Peasants gave a portion of their crops or goods back to the noble

• Rule with the Mandate of Heaven

• Trade grew

• Better farming technology witch led to more food

• Nobles had a lot of power​

Subject | Subject

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​THE ART OF WAR

• Sun Tzu (l. c. 500 BCE) was a Chinese military strategist and general best known as the author of the work The Art of War, a treatise on military strategy​

• His works preached military preparedness in maintaining peace and social order.​

• His works would highly impact the strategies of war in throughout history​

Later Years of Zhou

• Feudalism began to breakdown. The lords of individual states wanted more power.

• A number of small states combined created 6 or 7 larger states and began the Warring States period (250 years of disorder in China).

• Leaders looked for ways to bring back peace.

Multiple Choice

The Zhou Dynasty established this idea of a "Mandate of Heaven." This idea meant all except...

• Divine right to rule China.

• Heaven was a power that controlled human destiny.

• The king was the son of Heaven.

• Man could vote to over power the mandate of heaven.

Section 9:

Qin Dynasty​

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• ​(476 - 221 BCE)

• Ended with the Qin State creating the first Chinese Empire

• In order to keep it from falling apart​, Emperor Qin enacted a policy of Legalism

​

Warring States Period

Multiple Select

Why did the ruler of the Qin Dynasty turn to Legalism?

• War time

• Kept a strict hold on citizens

• Times of peace led citizens to rebel

• The gods commanded it of the Qin Emperors

Organization

• Anyone working for the Emperor had to prove themselves through the Civil Service Exam.

• This was known as a meritocracy because jobs were given based on knowledge and skill, not friendships

​Meritocracy

• Emperor Qin made it so ultimate power was given to the Emperor and only the Emperor

• He then would hire people to work for him and this is known as a bureaucracy

Autocracy

Multiple Choice

Who has power in an Autocracy?

• The People

• The Autobots

• The Emperor

• The Military

Multiple Choice

Which system allows people to achieve jobs based how much they know or how well they work?

• Meritocracy

• Autocracy

• Monarchy

• DoItYourselfocracy

• The Qin Dynasty only lasted 15 years

• It's impact would last 2,000 as Autocracy and Meritocracy became standard in Chinese Dynasties

​

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​Legacy

Multiple Choice

How long did the Qin Dynasty last?

• 15 Years

• 5 Years

• 10 Years

• 20 Years

Multiple Choice

What is the standard way for Chinese citizens to get jobs now a days?

• Civil Service Exam

• ACT Standardized Test

• Duel to the Death

• They are job into certain social structures and do not more from that caste

Achievements (cont.)

• Killed scholars and followers of Confucius

• Limited thinking opposed to his

• Burned books that went against his teachings​

​Negatives

• Emperor Qin began construction of the Great Wall

• He had the Terra Cotta army built to defend him in the afterlife

Architecture

Multiple Choice

Why was the Great Wall built?

• To make it easier to travel between different parts of China

• To decorate different parts of China

• To be seen from space

• To protect China from enemies

Multiple Choice

What were two natural barriers of protection for China during Emperor Qin's rule of China?

• Yellow River and Pacific Ocean

• Great Wall and Pacific Ocean

• Tibetan Mountains and the Great Wall

• Pacific Ocean and Tibetan Mountains

Section 10:

Han Dynasty​

• 202BC - 220AD = 418 years

• The use of Confucianism became popular​

Subject | Subject

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Government

• Bureaucracy: Large organization that followed a set of rules & conditions.

• Jobs: Followed Confucianism ideas, giving all an opportunity.

• Government Job: Had to pass a long difficult test.

• Hired: When hired they could not work in the area they lived.

• Central control was established.

Warfare

• Created NEW military methods & weapons

• Expanded farther East than anyone else.

• Est. 130,000 -300,000 solides from 25 - 60 years old.

• Advanced iron weapons

• Created Fish Scale Armor

• Used Kite's to scare & Measure

Multiple Choice

What animal did the Chinese take inspiration from when designing their armor?

• Tiger

• Monkey

• Fish

• Armadillo

Inventions

• Made a Chain Pump to help move water up hills to fields.

• Iron Plows allowed them to push dirt away from the row being plowed.

• The wheelbarrow made it easier to carry around and transfer food.

Multiple Select

Which Han inventions (pictured in modern-day) made work in agriculture easier?

Open Ended

What was the importance of Silk in ancient China?

Multiple Choice

Why was it important to improve the way silk was made (from hand to foot pedal)?

• The Chinese did not know how to work with their hands.

• Silk was so popular they needed to make more for sale and trade with other countries.

• Because they wanted to just sit back and relax, so having a chair and pedal solved that.

Art

• Paper: The Han invented paper ideally for calligraphy. Before paper, they wrote on silk, but it was very expensive.

• Scribes painted characters with brush and ink.

• Paper changed the way people communicated. People could afford writing materials.

Medicine

• Yin & Yang: Illness happened with the body was out of balance.

• Acupuncture: Thin needles inserted into part of the body to rebalance the body.

• Moxibustion: Healing technique where small cone of leaves is placed near the skin & burned to reduce pain.

• Prediction: Judge health by listening to a person's heartbeat. (Blood circulation)

• ​The Han Dynasty expanded on the Great Wall to protect China

• built watch towers along the wall​

​Architecture

Multiple Choice

What did the Han dynasty add to the Great Wall?

• more watchtowers

• skyscrapers

• places to hang lanterns

• terracotta warriors

Science

• Astronomers recorded the appearance of comets - "broom stars"

• Learned that the moon shines because it reflects the sunlight.

• Learned that a solar eclipse happens when the moon blocks the sun.

• Invented seismograph to detect earthquakes & a magnetic compass.

Multiple Choice

The Chinese used the term "Broom stars" to refer to...

• Solar eclipse

• Comets

• Seismographs

• Earthquakes

• Lodestones