G9 Chap 7.3 Cell Structures and Organelles

Cell Structures

Chapter 7 Section 3

​Cytoplasm

• Fluid inside the cell

  • Made mostly of water

  • But is more sticky/thick like jelly

• All types of cells have cytoplasm

  • Pro & Euk

​Cytoskeleton

• Long protein fibers within the cytoplasm

  • Framework that supports the cell and holds its shape

  • Provides a place for organelles to attach

• All types of cells have cytoskeleton

  • Pro and Euk

Multiple Choice

Eukaryotic AND Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm and cytoskeleton

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which type of cells have organelles?

• Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic

• Both

​A cell is like a factory

• There are different parts that each perform different tasks

• All parts work together to keep the cell alive

  • making proteins, energy and new cells

  • removing waste

Organelles

Structures in Eukaryotic cells that each have a different function​

​Nucleus

• "Brain" - in charge of cell activities

  • Contains DNA = genetic instructions

    • cell growth

    • making proteins

    • reproduction (making new cells)

• Covered by a membrane called Nuclear Envelope

  • Has little holes in it

• Nucleolus - dark central region​ of the nucleus

​Ribosomes

• "Workers" - in charge of making proteins

  • ​Some float around the cell

  • Some stay on the ER​

• Made in the nucleolus

  • Exit the nucleus through the little holes

Multiple Choice

The nucleus is like the ___________ of the cell - it holds genetic instructions for cell activities

• brain

• worker

Multiple Choice

The ribosomes are the workers of the cell - they make _________

• lipids

• carbohydrates

• proteins

• nucleic acids

​Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• "Assembly Line" - Location for molecule production

• Has 2 areas

  • Rough ER (bumpy)

    • protein production

    • has ribosomes on it

  • Smooth ER (not bumpy)

    • carb and lipid production

    • no ribosomes on it

Multiple Choice

The ER is the ________ for molecule production

• location

• worker

• brain

Multiple Choice

The Rough ER has _________ on it, and is where proteins are made

• nucleic acids

• ribosomes

• proteins

Multiple Choice

The Smooth ER also has ribosomes on it

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The Smooth ER is where ______________ are made

• nucleic acids and lipids

• carbs and lipids

• proteins and carb

• lipids and proteins

​Golgi Apparatus (aka Golgi Body)

• ​"Post office" - prepares proteins to be sent out of the cell

• Puts proteins into Vesicles

  • Vesicles​ are small sacks made of phospholipids

Fill in the Blank

The Golgi Body

proteins to be sent out of the cell

Multiple Choice

The Golgi body puts proteins into small sacks made of phospholipids, that are called _________

• vesicles

• cytoplasm

• the nucleus

• the ER

​Vacuoles

• "Storage containers" - stores cell materials

  • enzymes

  • waste

  • water - plant cells have HUGE vacuoles

​Lysosomes

• ​"Cleaners" - remove unwanted materials

  • old organelles

  • food particles

  • bacteria/viruses​

Multiple Choice

___________ are storage containers for water or other cell materials

• vacuoles

• lysosomes

Multiple Choice

Lysosomes __________ old organelles, waste, bacteria, and viruses

• store

• remove

​Centrioles

• Close to the nucleus​

• Part of cytoskeleton

• Helps with cell division (making new cells)

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(More on these later.....)​

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​Mitochondria

• "Powerhouse" - produces energy

• Converts food particles (glucose) into a form of useable energy (ATP)

Fill in the Blank

Mitochondria are the "powerhouse" of the cell because they convert glucose into

​Chloroplasts - Plant cells only

• "Solar energy machines" - convert solar energy into chemical energy (glucose)

• Contains chlorophyll, which makes plants green

​Cell Wall - Plant & Bacteria cells only

• "Support wall" around the cell membrane

• Helps plants to grow tall, and to not break

• Made of a carb called cellulose

​Cilia & Flagella

• "Hairs & Tails" that help the cell move

• Cilia are short, like little hairs

• Flagella are long, like tails

Multiple Choice

Chloroplasts in plant cells convert __________ into chemical energy

• solar energy

• electrical energy

• carbohydrate energy

Multiple Choice

The cell wall give plants _________ so they can grow tall

• support

• movement

Multiple Choice

What is the function of cilia and flagella?

• help the cell move

• help the cell eat

• helps the cell grow

• help the cell reproduce

Amoeba Sisters - Introduction to Cells

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IlzKri08kk

Another Youtuber Tutor - Organelles Structure and Function

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m35jZGyEDhI