INTERIM REVIEW

INTERIM REVIEW

By Victoria Romero

Multiple Choice

 Use the information to answer the following question.

A young child has recently been diagnosed with Pompe disease, which causes severe muscle weakness and muscle tone. The patient lacks the enzyme alpha-glucosidase (GAA) which leads to accumulation of the carbohydrate glycogen in muscle cells. 

Which argument BEST supports why this disease is occurring?

• Glycogen is a polysaccharide and the enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, is not breaking it down into its monomer, fatty acids and glycerol.

• Glycogen is a polysaccharide and the enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, is not breaking it down into the monosaccharide glucose.

• Glycogen is a protein and the enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, is not breaking it down into the nucleic acid glycerol.

• Glycogen is a protein and the enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, is not breaking it down into the lipid glucose.

Multiple Choice

Directions: The picture below shows bacterial cells being viewed through a scanning electron microscope. The microscope is set at an extremely high magnification in order to view the bacterial cells that are less than 2 micrometers in size. Use the picture to answer any questions that follow.

Question: All living cells contain genetic material. Where is the genetic material stored in these bacterial cells?

• in a long strand of DNA floating free in the cytoplasm, because these cells are prokaryotic

• outside of these cells, in a single strand of DNA that passes from from cell to cell, because these cells are eukaryotic

• in DNA that is stored inside a membrane-bound nucleus, because these cells are prokaryotic

• outside of these cells, linked to the cell membrane that is carried with these cells, because these cells are eukaryotic

Multiple Choice

Mr. Johnson is giving a lesson on enzymes in his freshman biology class. Mr. Johnson has 3 beakers with substrate and 3 beakers with the matching enzyme in them. He tells the class that each of the substrates will slowly break down over a set period of time. He asks the class to identify what would happen if he were to add the matching (specific) enzyme to the matching substrate. Which of the following is the best answer to give Mr. Johnson?

• The reaction would stop immediately.

• The reaction would be maintained (stay the same).

• The reaction rate would increase.

• The reaction rate would decrease.

​enzymes have specific substrates!!!!! (their missing puzzle piece!)

Multiple Choice

The image represents a human cell trying to reach an isotonic state (homeostasis). Some common cellular molecules small enough to freely move across the plasma membrane are shown.

What do you think will happen if no energy is used?

• Most O2 will enter the cell.

• All H2O will enter the cell.

• All H2O will leave the cell

• Most CO2 will leave the cell

Multiple Choice

Students in a biology class were asked to plan and carry out an experiment to investigate the role of cellular transport in maintaining homeostasis. They set up a beaker and a dialysis bag as shown in the diagram below.

Question: The dialysis bag is selectively permeable to the small water molecules, but not permeable to the larger solute particles. The students measured the mass of the contents within the selectively permeable bag before placing it into the beaker and then again 24 hours later.  Which of the following correctly justifies the results expected from this experimental design?

• The mass of the bag would decrease over a period of 24 hours, indicating that passive transport is moving water from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

• The mass of the bag would decrease over a period of 24 hours, indicating that passive transport is moving water from a lower concentration to a higher concentration.

• The mass of the bag would increase over a period of 24 hours, indicating that active transport is moving solute molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

• The mass of the bag would increase over a period of 24 hours, indicating that passive transport is moving solute molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

​The dialysis bag is selectively permeable to the small water molecules, but not permeable to the larger solute particles. The students measured the mass of the contents within the selectively permeable bag before placing it into the beaker and then again 24 hours later.  Which of the following correctly justifies the results expected from this experimental design?

​water moves from HIGH LOW

Multiple Choice

A student is investigating cellular transport. She fills a beaker with 250 ml of water. She places 10 drops of red food coloring into the beaker of water and makes an observation immediately, after 5 minutes, and after 30 minutes. Her set up is shown below. The student observes that the molecules of red dye move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. Which best describes the type of red dye molecule movement that the student is investigating?

• The student is investigating the passive transport of diffusion.

• The student is investigating the active transport of osmosis.

• The student is investigating the active transport of diffusion.

• The student is investigating the passive transport of osmosis.

​The student observes that the molecules of red dye move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached. Which best describes the type of red dye molecule movement that the student is investigating?

Multiple Choice

When a molecule of carbon dioxide travels out of a lung cell to be exhaled, the carbon dioxide moves with the concentration gradient using no energy in the process. What kind of cell transport is this?

• Active transport

• Exocytosis

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

Multiple Choice

leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomata. These are opened and closed by specialized cells that allow gases to be exchanged between the leaf and the outside environment. Which of the following best describes the flow of gases into and out of a leaf through stomata on a sunny day?

• Carbon dioxide moves in; oxygen moves out.

• Carbon dioxide and oxygen move in; ozone moves out.

• Water vapor and ozone move in; carbon dioxide moves out.

• Oxygen moves in; Carbon dioxide moves out.

Multiple Choice

Two students are learning about cellular respiration and its importance of supplying energy for biological processes.  

Oscar makes the claim that the most significant energy supply comes from process A and says that the process can be repeated continuously. 

Brianna makes the claim that Process B releases the greatest energy supply and that the process  is complete, or stops, when this occurs. 

Which student, if either, is most correct in their claim regarding the ATP/ADP cycle?

• Oscar’s claim is correct - the addition of a phosphate group (or the making of a chemical bond) releases a great deal of energy from the cell and the ATP/ADP cycle is continuous.

• Brianna’s claim is correct - the removal of a phosphate group (or the breaking of a chemical bond) supplies a great deal of energy to the cell and the ATP/ADP process is not continuous.

• Both students are completely correct - Oscar’s and Brianna’s claim summarize cellular respiration.

• Neither student is completely correct. Oscar is correct in that this process is a cycle and Brianna is correct in that the removal of the phosphate group supplies the most energy.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY reason for cells to undergo mitosis or binary fission? 

• maintenance of a multicellular organism

• increasing genetic diversity of a multicellular organism

• growth and development of a multicellular organism

• repair of damaged tissue in a multicellular organism

​why mitosis?

• ​mitosis is a type of cell division (for eukaryotes) in which a daughter cell receives the same number of identical chromosomes as the parent cell!

• mitosis is necessary for the growth repair, and maintenance of organisms

• ​The purpose of mitosis is to maintain genetic continuity (the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell stays the same)

​

​#tb Prokaryotes do binary fission.. but same purpose for genetic continuity!

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the best explanation for the presence of both chloroplasts and mitochondria in plant cells?

• In the light, plants are autotrophs and they go through photosynthesis. In the dark, they are heterotrophs.

• If plants cannot produce enough ATP in the process of photosynthesis to meet their energy needs, they can produce it in cellular respiration.

• Glucose is produced during photosynthesis and it is broken down in cellular respiration to make ATP.

• The leaves and stems of plants contain chloroplasts which produce large amounts of ATP to meet the energy needs of these plant parts. The roots of plants contain mitochondria which produce ATP for these plant parts.