Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Sexual Reproduction in Plants

By Alena Ellerbee

• Requires 2 parents

• Offspring's DNA is different from parents

• Causes a diverse population

• Requires more time and energy to reproduce

• Ability to remove mutations in from the population over time.

Sexual

• One parent

• Offspring's DNA is identical to parents

• Uniform population

• Requires less time and energy to reproduce

• Mutations remain in the population

Asexual

Types of Reproduction

Multiple Choice

In the process of reproduction, hereditary information is passed from one generation to the next. Some organisms reproduce asexually. How does an offspring produced by asexual reproduction (mitosis) compare to the parent organism?

• its genetic information is completely different from the parent organism

• one-quarter of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism

• one-half of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism

• all of its genetic information is the same as the parent organism

Multiple Choice

Asexual reproduction creates offspring that are

• genetically identical to the parent

• different from the parent

• different from each other

• formed by 2 parents

Multiple Select

Advantages of sexual reproduction are

• ability to remove mutations

• saves time

• saves energy

• genetic variation

Multiple Select

Advantages of asexual reproduction are

• ability to remove mutations

• saves time

• saves energy

• genetic variation

How Do Plant's Reproduce Sexually?

Although they do not mate as animals do, many plants reproduce sexually. If you’ve ever seen a plant with cones, flowers, or pollen, it reproduces sexually!

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• male gamete (found in pollen) must join with a female gamete (found in ovules) to produce offspring. The cell that is formed grows into an embryo inside of a seed, and a new plant can eventually sprout from that seed.

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​Conifers, including spruce, fur, pine, and all trees reproduce sexually. In fact, any plant that has flowers reproduces sexually.

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Specialized structures that are required for sexual reproduction

​Specialized Structures Include:

• Both male and female parts on the same flower​

  • male gametes are housed in pollen grains, which are located in the anthers​

  • The stigma is the tip of the structure that houses the female gametes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is where male gametes are found in plants?

• petals

• ovules

• pollen

• stem

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a plant male sex organ?

• stamen

• stem

• pistil

• petals

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is where female gametes are found in plants?

• petals

• ovules

• pollen

• stem

The male gametes travel through a pollen tube (or style) from the stigma to an ovule that is inside the ovary. When the female gamete in the ovule combines with the male gamete, a zygote is formed. This zygote becomes a seed, and in some cases the ovary will become a fruit containing many zygotes!

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Flowering Plant Reproduction​

Pollination

The transfer of male gametes in pollen to female gametes inside ovules

• Many flowering plants have separate male and female flowers with only one type of gamete in them on the same plant or on different plants.

• Like the conifers, flowering plants can self-pollinate, but many have evolved to use animals or the wind for pollination.

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Multiple Choice

Only flowering plants can self fertilize

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a conifer?

Multiple Choice

When a plant needs both male and female sex cells in order to reproduce, this type of reproduction is called _______ reproduction.

• sexless

• asexual

• sexual

• vascular

Multiple Choice

Identify the type of reproduction that occurs when pollen from the anthers of one flower transfer to the stigma of another.

• sexless

• asexual

• sexual

• vascular

Multiple Choice

When pollination occurs between the same plant

• self-pollination

• cross-pollination

Multiple Choice

If you look down into a flower you see tiny colored particles that feel like dust in your hand.  What is this?

• pollen

• bacteria

• protozoa

• zygotes

Multiple Select

Which of the following are adaptations of flowering plants ensures that they will be pollinated by animals?

• brightly colored flowers

• pollen is very light

• stamens that hang outside the flower

• sweet sugars called nectar

• sticky stigma

Multiple Choice

What type of relationship existed between a bee and a flower?

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

Multiple Select

Which of the following are adaptations of wind pollinated plants to ensure that they are pollinated?

• brightly colored flowers

• pollen is very light

• stamens that hang outside the flower

• sweet sugars called nectar

• sticky stigma