Paraphrasing, Quoting, and Summarizing

Paraphrasing, Quoting, and Summarizing

Incorporating Evidence in your Essay

Multiple Choice

Something that comes from a credible source to support your claim is called...

• hook

• evidence

• commentary

• o

You found your evidence: now what?

to incorporate evidence means to include evidence as part of your essay in a smooth and cohesive way.

​

You can incorporate evidence from other sources by either quoting, summarizing, or paraphrasing the evidence.

​

No matter how you incorporate evidence, you have to cite it.​

What is a quote?

A quote is a sentence that contains the direct words of a source.

​

Use quotation marks to mark where a quote begins and ends.

​

Example:

​

"Orcas are actually more dangerous than sharks."​

What is a quote?

You should always state the author's name or source title when you introduce a quote in your writing.

​

Example:

​

Joe Fishman says: "Orcas are actually more dangerous than sharks."​

What is a paraphrase?

If you restate the author's words in your own new words, that is called paraphrasing.

​

What is a paraphrase?

If you restate the author's words in your own new words, that is called paraphrasing.

​

Example:

Quote: "Owning a dog leads to a 70% decrease in stress. Dog owners report greater life satisfaction, and more health in all aspects of life." - Sam Woofington

​

Paraphrase:​ According to Sam Woofington, dog ownership improves the quality of a person's life significantly.

What is a summary?

A summary puts the main ideas from another source into your own words.

​

You still need to give credit (cite) to the original author​

What is a summary?

A summary puts the main ideas from another source into your own words.

​

You still need to give credit (cite) to the original author​

​

Example:

​

According to Sam Woofington, dog ownership is beneficial. ​

​

​

Multiple Choice

A quote is...

• Using an author's exact words

• Rewording an author's words into new ones

• Sharing the main idea of a source

• anything words you write in quotation marks

Multiple Choice

A paraphrase is...

• Using an author's exact words

• Rewording an author's words into new ones

• Sharing the main idea of a source

• anything words you write in quotation marks

Multiple Choice

A summary is...

• Using an author's exact words

• Rewording an author's words into new ones

• Sharing the main idea of a source

• anything words you write in quotation marks

Incorporating Evidence

When you include evidence in your essay, you must introduce it and explain the significance.

Incorporating Evidence

1. Introduce: state the idea that the evidence will support. ​

2. Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize: Share your evidence. Include the citation (author and/or source)

3. Explain: Write at least 2 sentences of commentary after your evidence to explain how the evidence supports your claim.​

Citing Your Source

Any time you use an idea or words that are not your own (when you quote, paraphrase, or summarize) you must cite your sources.

​

Cite: give credit to the original author or source​

Citing Your Source

​Cite: give credit to the original author or source

​

Examples:

• According to [author's name], "______."​

• [author's name] ​explains ________.

• In the words of [author's name], "______."

• In [source title], [author's name], writes/argues/explains _____.

Multiple Choice

Which sentence best restates or paraphrases the ideas in this passage?

"Although television was not widely used in American homes until the 1950s, small, experimental television images were broadcast in the 1920s."

• Television was not widely used in American homes until the 1950s.

• Television became popular in the 1920s.

• Television became popular in the 1950s, but the first televison images were used thirty years earlier.

Multiple Choice

Which is the best paraphrase of the following sentence?

"Dragonflies have six legs, but they can't walk."

• Dragonflies have six legs, but they can't walk.

• Even though they have six legs, dragonflies are unable to walk.

• In addition, dragonflies have many legs.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about summarizing is false?

• The summary is one small thought in a passage.

• The summary is what all or most of the sentences or paragraphs are about.

• The summary is usually found in more than just one sentence of the passage.

Read the following paragraph, then answer the questions about incorporating evidence.

Source: "'Encanto' is Disney's first Latino musical: How the filmmakers got Colombia right" by Los Angeles Times​

​Making "Encanto" was "a five-year learning process," said film director Byron Howard. "We all wanted our Colombian friends to be proud of this film and to feel like they really had a true voice in making it come to life." Colombia has one of the largest Afro-descendant populations in Latin America and has many distinct cultural regions. "I really appreciate that Walt Disney [Animation] made a very big effort to represent the diversity of the Colombian population," said Afro-Colombian journalist Edna Liliana Valencia. "That's very important to me."

​

Colombia is a vast country, with a rich culture. According to Howard, their best attempt to capture it was by trying as much as possible to represent the different clothing of each of the country's regions and by showing the diversity of Colombian families. They also wanted the film to reflect the country's difficult history and the way tight family bonds have helped Colombians overcome their challenges.

​

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of incorporating a quote from that passage?

• "I really appreciate that Walt Disney [Animation] made a very big effort to represent the diversity of the Colombian population," said Afro-Colombian journalist Edna Liliana Valencia.

• Colombia is a vast country, with a rich culture.

• According to Howard, their best attempt to capture it was by trying as much as possible to represent the different clothing of each of the country's regions and by showing the diversity of Colombian families. 

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of incorporating a paraphrase from that passage?

• "I really appreciate that Walt Disney [Animation] made a very big effort to represent the diversity of the Colombian population," said Afro-Colombian journalist Edna Liliana Valencia.

• Colombia is a vast country, with a rich culture.

• According to Howard, their best attempt to capture it was by trying as much as possible to represent the different clothing of each of the country's regions and by showing the diversity of Colombian families. 

Open Ended

Write a 1-2 sentence summary of the following passage:

Colombia is a vast country, with a rich culture. According to Howard, their best attempt to capture it was by trying as much as possible to represent the different clothing of each of the country's regions and by showing the diversity of Colombian families. They also wanted the film to reflect the country's difficult history and the way tight family bonds have helped Colombians overcome their challenges.

​Summarizing	​Paraphrasing	​Quoting
​When you put the main ideas from another source into your own words, giving the author credit for the information	​When you rephrase (put into new words) a specific passage from the text, mostly in your own language, giving the author credit for the specific idea.	​When you use the exact words from the text. We say quoting because you're quoting someone else's exact words, even if they are written.

Whether you summarize, paraphrase, or quote, remember to always cite your source (include the author or source name) and explain how your evidence supports​ your claim (commentary).