Data Lesson

Data Lesson

By David Guy

Metadata

​Data about data

Meta data describes details about data. Examples include the means of creating the data and the time and date of creation

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

A camera mounted on the dashboard of a car captures an image of the view from the driver’s seat every second. Each image is stored as data. Along with each image, the camera also captures and stores the car’s speed, the date and time, and the car’s GPS location as metadata. Which of the following can best be determined using only the data and none of the metadata?

• The average number of hours per day that the car is in use

• The car’s average speed on a particular day

• The distance the car traveled on a particular day

• The number of bicycles the car passed on a particular day

Multiple Choice

A library of e-books contains metadata for each book. The metadata are intended to help a search feature find books that users are interested in. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be contained in the metadata of each e-book?

• An archive containing previous versions of the e-book

• The author and title of the e-book

• The date the e-book was first published

• The genre of the e-book (e.g., comedy, fantasy, romance, etc.)

Multiple Choice

A smartphone stores the following data for each photo that is taken using the phone.

• The file name of the photo

• The date and time the photo was taken

• The geographic location where the photo was taken

Assume that all of the photos that have been taken on the phone are accessible. Which of the following can be determined using the photo data described above?

I. The number of photos that were taken at a particular geographic location
     II. The number of photos that were taken in the last year
    III. The name of the person who took the most recent photo

• III only

• I and II only

• I and III only

• I, II, and III

Analyzing Data

​Limitations with data

Making conclusions or extracting information from data is limited to what data you have available. If there is not any information available then you may not make conclusions with that data even if you may think that the data points towards these conclusions.​

Some text here about the topic of discussion

Multiple Choice

Biologists often attach tracking collars to wild animals. For each animal, the following geolocation data is collected at frequent intervals.

1. The time

2. The date

3. The location of the animal

Which of the following questions about a particular animal could NOT be answered using only the data collected from the tracking collars?

• Approximately how many miles did the animal travel in one week?

• Does the animal travel in groups with other tracked animals?

• Do the movement patterns of the animal vary according to the weather?

• In what geographic locations does the animal typically travel?

Multiple Choice

Participants in a survey were asked how many hours per day they spend reading, how many hours per day they spend using a smartphone, and whether or not they would be interested in a smartphone application that lets users share book reviews.

The data from the survey are represented in the graph below. Each "X" represents a survey participant who said he or she was interested in the  application, and each "O" represents a participant who said he or she was not interested.

• Participants who read more were generally less likely to say they are interested in the application.

• Participants who use a smartphone more were generally more likely to say they read more.

• Participants who read more were generally more likely to say they are interested in the application.

• Participants who use a smartphone more were generally less likely to say they read more.

Multiple Choice

A certain social media Web site allows users to post messages and to comment on other messages that have been posted. When a user posts a message, the message itself is considered data. In addition to the data, the site stores the following metadata.

1. The time the message was posted

2. The name of the user who posted the message

3. The names of any users who comment on the message and the times the comments were made

For which of the following goals would it be more useful to analyze the data instead of the metadata?

• To determine which posts from a particular user have received the greatest number of comments

• To determine the users who post messages most frequently

• To determine the time of day that the site is most active

• To determine the topics that many users are posting about

Multiple Choice

A large data set contains information about all students majoring in computer science in colleges across the United States. The data set contains the following information about each student.

1. The student’s gender

2. The state in which the student attends college

3 .The student’s grade point average on a 4.0 scale

Which of the following questions could be answered by analyzing only information in the data set?

• Do students majoring in computer science tend to have higher grade point averages than students majoring in other subjects?

• How many states have a higher percentage of female computer science majors than male computer science majors attending college in that state?

• What percent of students attending college in a certain state are majoring in computer science?

• Which college has the highest number of students majoring in computer science?

Computing Bias

Bias: distort data due to a factor not accouted for

In the development of automations using programs, bias can occur do to neglecting to anticipate situations and experiences of those outside of the development teams' perspective and worldview.

Multiple Choice

A software company is designing a mobile game system that should be able to recognize the faces of people who are playing the game and automatically load their profiles. Which of the following actions is most likely to reduce the possibility of bias in the system?

• Testing the system with members of the software company’s staff

• Testing the system with people of different ages, genders, and ethnicities

• Testing the system to make sure that the rules of the game are clearly explained

• Testing the system to make sure that players cannot create multiple profiles

Multiple Choice

A mobile game tracks players’ locations using GPS. The game offers special in-game items to players when they visit real-world points of interest. Which of the following best explains how bias could occur in the game?

• Points of interest may be more densely located in cities, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas.

• Some players may engage in trespassing, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas.

• Special items may not be useful to all players, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas.

• Weather conditions may be unpredictable, favoring players in urban areas over players in rural areas.

Digital Divide

Given the rise in technology in the economy, education and jobs, access to efficient and effctive resources to use the technology is important to provide equity.

If there is a lack of access to technology this creates a divide among those with and without access to the technology, thus a divide.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a contributing factor to the digital divide?

• Some individuals and groups are economically disadvantaged and cannot afford computing devices or Internet connectivity.

• Some individuals and groups do not have the necessary experience or education to use computing devices or the Internet effectively.

• Some parents prefer to limit the amount of time their children spend using computing devices or the Internet.

• Some residents in remote regions of the world do not have access to the infrastructure necessary to support reliable Internet connectivity.

Crowdsourcing

The practice of obtaining information or input into a task or project by enlisting the services of a large number of people, either paid or unpaid, typically via the internet.

Multiple Choice

A system is being developed to help pet owners locate lost pets. Which of the following best describes a system that uses crowdsourcing?

• A mobile application and collar that uses GPS technology to determine the pet’s location and transmits the location when the owner refreshes the application

• A mobile application and collar that uses wireless technology to determine whether the pet is within 100 feet of the owner's phone and transmits a message to the owner when the pet is nearby

• A mobile application that allows users to report the location of a pet that appears to be lost and upload a photo that is made available to other users of the application

• A mobile application that transmits a message to all users any time a lost pet is returned to its owner

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be the best use of citizen science?

• An experiment that requires all participants to be working in the same laboratory

• An experiment that requires expensive equipment to conduct

• An experiment that requires data measurements to be taken in many different locations

• An experiment that requires specialized knowledge and training to conduct