Ionic Radius Trends and Multiple Ionization Energies

Ionic Radius Trends and Multiple Ionization Energies

Bromfield Honors Chemistry

Drag and Drop

Cations have a ​

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charge and anions have a

​

Placeholder

charge.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

positive

negative

neutral

unpredictable

Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?

​To be isoelectronic with a noble gas

Atoms will gain or lose electrons...

​Completely filled sublevels

​To be isoelectronic with a noble gas

Atoms will gain or lose electrons...

​Octet rule

8 valence electrons​

​To be isoelectronic with a noble gas

Atoms will gain or lose electrons...

Multiple Choice

Sr forms an ion with a charge of _________.

• +1

• +2

• -1

• -2

Multiple Choice

Br forms an ion with a charge of ________

• -1

• -2

• +1

• +2

Ionic Radius Trends

Classroom Resources | Periodic Trends: Ionization Energy, Atomic Radius & Ionic Radius | AACTiconiconiconiconicon

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Open Ended

4. At the simulation link, select a group 1 element and form a cation by pulling off a valence electron. What do you observe?

 

https://teachchemistry.org/classroom-resources/periodic-trends-simulation

Open Ended

How does the radius of a cation compare to the radius of its parent atom?

Cations have a smaller radius than the parent atom

Cations have a smaller radius than the parent atom

​Why?

• Fewer electrons!

• Fewer electron:electron repulsions.

• Fewer occupied energy levels, so the remaining electrons experience a stronger Coulombic attraction to the nucleus​

Open Ended

How does the radius of an anion compare to the radius of the parent atom?

Anions typically have a larger radius than the parent atom

​Why?

More electrons

More electron:electron repulsions​

The cations get smaller, then the anions get smaller

​Period trend (L ⟶ R)

Ionic radius INCREASES down a column​

​Group trend

Ionic radius trends

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would have the larger radius?

• Ca

• Ca²⁺

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would have the larger radius?

• P

• P^3-

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would have the larger radius?

• I^-

• Cl^-

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would have the larger radius?

• P^3-

• S^2-

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would have the larger radius?

• Ca²⁺

• Cl^-

Reorder

Sort the ions in order of INCREASING ionic radius

• Li⁺

• K⁺

• Rb⁺

• I^-

• Te^2-

1

2

3

4

5

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5

Multiple Ionization Energies

​You can have as many ionization energies as there are electrons in an atom

​

A⁺ + IE₂ ⟶ A²⁺ + e-

​Second IE, IE₂

A + IE₁ ⟶ A⁺ + e-

​First IE, IE₁

Multiple ionization energies

It gets harder and harder to remove additional electrons

​

​Each successive ionization energy is larger than the previous IE

​

There are fewer electrons

There are fewer occupied energy levels

​

​

​Each successive ionization energy is larger than the previous IE

​

​Remaining electrons experience a stronger Coulombic attraction to the nucleus​

​Na

​

Removing the valence electron from the 3s orbital

is pretty easy​

​

​

​Na

​

Removing the valence electron from the 3s orbital

is pretty easy​

​

Removing the next electron

from the 2p sublevel takes A LOT of energy! ​

​Na

​

​Once all the valence electrons have been removed, there is a BIG jump in the next IE

​

​

Dropdown

Given the following ionization energies, this atom has ​

Select answer

valence electronsI₁: 1086

I₂: 2350

I₃: 4620

I₄: 6220

I₅: 38,000

I₆: 47,261

Multiple Choice

Given the following ionization energies for an atom, determine the atom's identity.

I₁: 899

I₂: 1757

I₃: 14,850

I₄: 21,005

• Li

• Be

• B

• C

Multiple Choice

Why is there a large jump in ionization energy between IE₁ and IE₂ for lithium?

• the valence electrons are harder to lose than core electrons

• the valence electrons are easier to lose than core electrons

Drag and Drop

We expect to see a big jump in ionization energies between

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for phosphorus.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

IE 1 and IE 2

IE 6 and IE 7

IE 7 and IE 8

IE 5 and IE 6

IE 2 and IE 3

IE 3 and IE 4

IE 4 and IE 5

Dropdown

According to the ionization energy data, element W has

Select answer

valence electrons.

Open Ended

Summarize the key points from today's class