DRRR Unit 2 Lesson 4-7

DRRR

Unit 2 Lessons 4-7​

GROUP 2

Lesson 4​:

Elements Exposed to Hazard

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GROUP 2

Draw

SPOT THE HAZARD

Exposure

- can be described as the situation of communities including its people, residences, infrastructure, and economic resources that are located in areas that are hazard-prone (UNISDR, 2017).

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What are Exposure Drivers?

Urban Development

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Economic Opportunities

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Overpopulation

Elements Exposed to Hazards

• Physical Aspect

• Social Aspect

• Economic Aspect​

• Environmental Aspect​

Examples:

• houses

• roads

• bridges

• railways

• refers to a location-specific context for human-environment interaction (Smithers and Smith, 1997) and the material world.

Physical Aspect

Examples:

• young children

• women

• elderly

• related to social relations between individuals

Social Aspect

Examples:

• livelihood

• access to work

• workforce​

• related to the economy of the community.

Economic Aspect

Examples:

● natural landscape

● bodies of water​

● biodiversity​

• includes the ecosystems and the natural processes that are exposed to hazard

Environmental Aspect

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of the elements exposed to hazard?

(Social Aspect)

• pregnant women

• telecommunication

  facilities

• mall

• natural landscape

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of the elements exposed to hazard?

(Environmental Aspect)

• children

• bodies of

  water

• elderly

• bridges

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of the elements exposed to hazard?

(Economic Aspect)

• bridges

• biodiversity

• Small and Medium

  Enterprises

• forest

Lesson 5​:

Elements Exposed to Particular Hazards

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GROUP 2

Open Ended

What do you think are the exposed elements to particular hazards that can be found inside your house.

Natural events and are beyond the control of the human power. Moreover, it is not only natural events that are causing harm to people.

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Natural Phenomena​

• essential activity which can practically determine the different elements exposed to certain types of hazards. The vulnerability of such elements if not recognized and given action can be considered as an impending disaster.

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Disaster Risk Assessment

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An electrical fire is one of the most common disasters which happens in many populated places. In this instance, people, infrastructures and assets are the most common elements exposed to this particular hazard.

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Specific Types of Elements Exposed to Particular Hazards

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• Electrical gadgets and appliances left unattended

• Faulty electrical wirings

• Faulty outlets and outdated appliances

• Light fixtures

• Extension cords

• Space heater

• Biological substances and chemicals

Specific Types of Elements Exposed to Particular Hazards

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Lesson 6​:

Vulnerabilities of Elements Exposed to Hazards

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GROUP 2

Vulnerability

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Vulnerability is a whole different thing to Exposure. Two elements can be exposed in the same setting but have different level of vulnerability.

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Vulnerability

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Vulnerability is defined as the inability to resist a hazard or to respond when a disaster has occured. Each place have their own level of vulnerability, how prepared are they when a disaster strikes, how can they cope when the disaster is happening, and how much can they lessen the damage the disaster has done.

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Types of Vulnerability

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PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

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Physical vulnerability are the objects that are susceptible to hazard, this includes classifying the vulnerability of different elements such as houses, buildings, and infrastructure.

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PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

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Depending on the area, physical vulnerability level changes if the area is close to the hazard or far away. Design and structure also plays an important role, the better the design and structure of the building, the less it would be to vulnerability.

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SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

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This refers to people’s capacity to cope with a hazards, the ability to form a structured group, and creating a proper disaster risk reduction and management.

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SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

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Unfortunately, differently abled people are more vulnerable to hazards. Lastly, if there are no system that can guide to people when a disaster strikes, it will increase the vulnerability of a community.​

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ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

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describes the potential degradation of the surrounding landscapes including bodies of land and water, and biodiversity due to hazards. This is a great concern because of the environments diverse role to the people and community. The Philippines most resources are from the environment, and the livelihood and settlement of the community in province are situated in areas where environmental vulnerabilities are high.

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ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

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One factor that affects the environmental vulnerability is climate change. It increases the overall ocean and atmosphere of the earth, which may result unpredictable weather patterns and highly destructive nature that further degrades more landscape, creates more flood, and threatens biodiversity even more.

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ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY

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Identifies the potential losses of resources of the people and the community. This is linked to other types of vulnerabilities. Economic losses are incurred when physical disasters occur. Destruction of houses, buildings, or infrastructures has a significant effect on the resources of a person, community, or business.

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ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY

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Also, Poverty is a socioeconomic factor that is of great concern. It limits the resources of people and the community to cope with hazards. A community who does not have enough resources will not be able to create a comprehensive monitoring system for early warning signs of an impending landslide, flood, tsunami, and other hazards.

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Lesson 7​:

Hazards, Exposures, and Vulnerabilities

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GROUP 2

Hazard

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It is defined by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) [2 February 2017] as “a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”. There are three (3) main types of hazards; natural, anthropogenic, and socio-natural.

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Natural Hazards

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are predominantly associated with natural processes and phenomena (UNISDR, 2017). These hazards are impossible to prevent. Natural hazards can further be categorized as biological, geological/geophysical, and hydro-meteorological, depending on its origin.

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Biological Hazards

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A biological hazard, also known as a biohazard, is a biological substance that endangers the health of living organisms, primarily humans. This could be a sample of a microorganism, virus, or toxin that is harmful to human health. A biohazard could also be an animal-harming substance.

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Geological/Geophysical hazards

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Inner earth movements are the source of geological or geophysical risks. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, and emissions, as well as related geophysical processes including mass movements, landslides, rockslides, surface collapses, and debris or mud flows, are all examples. Some of these processes are influenced by hydrometeorological conditions

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Hydrometeorological hazards

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A process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic origin that may result in the loss of life, injury or other health consequences, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, and social and economic disruption.

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Anthropogenic Hazards

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are human-induced hazards, induced entirely or predominantly by human activities and choices (UNISDR, 2017). Technological hazards which are anthropogenic in nature, also may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event (UNISDR, 2017).

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Technological hazards

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are caused by technological or industrial conditions, risky procedures, infrastructure failure, or human activity.

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Socio-natural Hazards

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are the combination of anthropogenic and natural factors such as environmental degradation and climate change (UNISDR, 2017). It can also happen when a natural hazard interacted with degraded environmental resources. Many incidents of land subsidence, flooding, and drought can be attributed to the interaction of a natural hazard and a degraded environment.

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Multiple Choice

In the choices, what example of hazard is under Biological Hazard?

• Earthquake

• Climate Change

• Storm Surge

• Epidemic

Multiple Choice

In the choices, what example of hazard is under Socio-Natural Hazard?

• Climate Change

• Tsunamis

• Earthquake

• Virus

Multiple Choice

These are human-induced hazards, induced entirely or predominantly by human activities and choices.

• Biological Hazard

• Anthropogenic Hazard

• Natural Hazard

• Socio-Natural Hazard

Thank you for listening!

Any questions?​

References:

Quipper. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction, Unit 2​

DIWA SHS. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

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