APUSH Midterm

APUSH Midterm

By Cesar Cortez

Multiple Choice

“The problem of our age is the proper administration of wealth, so that the ties of brotherhood may still bind together the rich and poor in harmonious relationship. The conditions of human life have not only been changed, but revolutionized, within the past few hundred years. In former days there was little difference between the dwelling, dress, food, and environment of the chief and those of his retainers...The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us to-day measures the change which has come with civilization.”

What changes led to the inequality Carnegie described during the late 19th century?

• Increasing prices for food and goods

• Increasing industrialization and economic consolidation

• Emergence of welfare state that encourages laziness

• A widespread lack of education 

Multiple Choice

“The Gospel of Wealth” written by Andrew Carnegie in 1889:

 

“The problem of our age is the proper administration of wealth, so that the ties of brotherhood may still bind together the rich and poor in harmonious relationship. The conditions of human life have not only been changed, but revolutionized, within the past few hundred years. In former days there was little difference between the dwelling, dress, food, and environment of the chief and those of his retainers...The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us to-day measures the change which has come with civilization.”

What did the “Gospel of Wealth” suggest as an answer to the inequality Carnegie observed?

• Poor people must pray for greater wealth and success

• Religious revivals must occur in order to end sin and create wealth

• wealthy individuals must serve as role models and give lectures to the poor

• Benefactors should use their wealth to create greater economic opportunity

Multiple Choice

excerpt from the Populist Party’s 1892 platform:

“The urban workmen are denied the right to organize for self-protection, imported pauperized labor beats down their wages, a hireling standing army, unrecognized by our laws, is established to shoot them down, and they are rapidly degenerating into European conditions. The fruits of the toil of millions are badly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty. From the same prolific womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classes — tramps and millionaires.”

What position did the Populist Party take on laissez-faire economics?

• The supported laissez-faire economics because it promoted competition

• They supported laissez-faire economics because it reinforced the gold standard

• They opposed laissez- faire economics because it rejected the government

• They opposed laissez- faire economics because it was anti-republican

Multiple Choice

“The urban workmen are denied the right to organize for self-protection, imported pauperized labor beats down their wages, a hireling standing army, unrecognized by our laws, is established to shoot them down, and they are rapidly degenerating into European conditions. The fruits of the toil of millions are badly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty. From the same prolific womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classes — tramps and millionaires.”

What was the most common method workers used to confront business owners and managers during the late 19th century?

• They formed labor unions and called for strikes

• They primarily conducted assassinations and organized armed rebellions

• They frequently bribed public officials and committed election fraud

• They repeatedly occupied government offices and created communist enclaves

Multiple Choice

the following excerpt from the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:

“Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That from and after the expiration of ninety days next after the passage of this act, and until the expiration of ten years next after the passage of this act, the coming of Chinese laborers to the United States be, and the same is hereby, suspended; and during such suspension it shall not be lawful for any Chinese laborer to come, or having so come after the expiration of said ninety days to remain within the United States.”

Why did Congress enact the Chinese Exclusion Act?

•     They wanted to retaliate against the Chinese Government which had attacked the US Navy

•     They wanted to stop the influx of Chinese monks who converted many Americans to Taoism

•     They wanted to reduce economic competition from Chinese laborers

•    They wanted to reduce the transportation of opium into America by Chinese smugglers

Multiple Choice

the following excerpt from the Louisiana Black Codes of 1865:

“Sec. 1. Be it ordained by the police jury of the parish of St. Landry, That no negro shall be allowed to pass within the limits of said parish without special permit in writing from his employer. Whoever shall violate this provision shall pay a fine of two dollars and fifty cents, or in default thereof shall be forced to work four days on the public road, or suffer corporeal punishment as provided hereinafter. . . Sec. 4. . . . Every negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person, or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of said negro.”

What impact did Reconstruction have on the legal rights of freedmen living in the post-bellum South?

• Reconstruction had a few benefits because federal laws were poorly enforced

• Reconstruction had some benefits because it forced lazy freedmen to work

• Reconstruction had some benefits because all slave owners were imprisoned

• Reconstruction had many benefits because it rebuilt former plantations so that freedmen had housing and jobs

Multiple Choice

“Sec. 1. Be it ordained by the police jury of the parish of St. Landry, That no negro shall be allowed to pass within the limits of said parish without special permit in writing from his employer. Whoever shall violate this provision shall pay a fine of two dollars and fifty cents, or in default thereof shall be forced to work four days on the public road, or suffer corporeal punishment as provided hereinafter. . . Sec. 4. . . . Every negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person, or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of said negro.”

How much economic opportunity did blacks have in the post-bellum South?

• Blacks had the same economic opportunity as whites, and many became rich planters

• Blacks used their newfound political power to engage in rampant political corruption and massive embezzlement

• Blacks had few opportunities which led to massive exodus of families who farmed the Great Plains

• Sharecropping meant blacks had trapped in a cycle of economic dependency

Multiple Choice

the following excerpt from a letter by Harry Shirley, a member of the Caddo Indian tribe, who attended the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in 1882:

“...we got at Carlisle on Thursday and when we got here I did not like the place but since I have being here two or three days I have got used to the place and I like it very well but when we got I felt very home sick and be sure and send my bow and some spike arrows. And we go to church every Sunday. And I have a blue suit to where (sic) and there was one Shyenne (sic) boy shot himself with a pistol... the boys have a nice green lawn in which play Kicking a football."

What impact did the Indian boarding schools have on Native American culture?

• They had no impact because very few students attended these institutions

• They accelerated the cultural assimilation process although not in a uniform fashion

•   The schools helped strengthen and spread Native American Culture and introducing many white students to Indian values

• The schools successful eradicated all traces of Native American culture

Multiple Choice

“...we got at Carlisle on Thursday and when we got here I did not like the place but since I have being here two or three days I have got used to the place and I like it very well but when we got I felt very home sick and be sure and send my bow and some spike arrows. And we go to church every Sunday. And I have a blue suit to where (sic) and there was one Shyenne (sic) boy shot himself with a pistol... the boys have a nice green lawn in which play Kicking a football."

Which of the following statements best describes the status of Native American tribes in the late 19th century?

• They had been completely destroyed as a political, military and cultural forces

• They were still strong political, military, and cultural forces that successfully resisted attempts to interfere with their affairs

• The US Government treated tribes as sovereign units and allowed them to keep large amounts of land

• The US government no longer treated the tribes as sovereign units and forced them onto the modest reservations

Multiple Choice

Who coined the term “Gilded Age”

• John D. Rockefeller

• Mark Twain

• Thomas Edision

• Andrew Carnegie

Multiple Choice

In response to the Supremes Court’s ruling in Wabash v. Illinois, Congress created the

• McKinley Tariff

• Pendleton Act

• Runaway Act

• Sherman Antitrust Act

Multiple Choice

This period during the 1870s to 1900 is known for it's rise of railroads, big business, industrialization and social problems in the United States.

• WWI

• Gilded Age

• Progressive Era

• Reconstruction Era

Multiple Choice

Which group had racial hatred of immigrants, since they took jobs from the Americans for lower rages

• Nativists

• miners

• political bosses

• labor leaders

Multiple Choice

Which group provided basic services for immigrants and the poor for votes and made illegal fortunes

• Nativist

• political machines

• labor unions

• Robber Barons

Multiple Choice

“Survival of the fittest” applied to the business competition

• Social gospel

• social Darwinism

• gospel of wealth

• great awakening

Multiple Choice

. During the 19^th century, most immigrants to the United States found worked as

• factory workers

• cotton mills

• field workers

• skilled workers

Multiple Choice

Which of the following was NOT a problem labor unions fought for?

• Shorter hours

• lower pay

• no child labor

• safer working conditions

Multiple Choice

Which of the following contexts best explains the increase in violent conflicts in the western United States in the late 1800s?

• The increase in migration by White settlers

• The regulation of industrial production by the federal government

•   The recognition by the federal courts of labor union bargaining rights

• The ban on immigration from eastern Asia

Multiple Choice

Farmers generally responded to industrialization in the late nineteenth century in which of the following ways?

• They rejected the mechanization of agriculture in order to avoid farm workers becoming unemployed

• They demanded legislation to reduce immigration so as to minimize competition for farmland

• They backed political movements calling for limits on corporate power and government ownership of transportation

• They challenged federal policies that set aside western land to establish reservations for American Indians

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best explains a key reason for rapid economic development during the Gilded Age?

• The adoption of beliefs of Social Darwinism helped justify inequalities of wealth

• The creation of the sharecropping system improved agricultural production

• The consolidation of large industries facilitated mass production

• The growth of Populist political platforms encouraged economic reform

Multiple Choice

Which of the following explains a continuity in the effect of technological innovation on the production of goods in the late 1800s?

• Improved manufacturing practices gradually reduced reliance on immigrant workers

• Improved quality of manufacturing steadily decreased demand for consumer goods.

• New types of transportation increasingly shifted industrial centers from the North to the South

• New industrial machines increased the number of goods that factories could make

Multiple Choice

Which of the following explains a connection between the ability of Americans to gain access to natural resources in the early 1800s and in the late 1800s?

• In both periods, the expansion of power over western North America gave the United States control over more natural resources

• In both periods, the United States imported more natural resources after claiming overseas colonies through the Monroe Doctrine

• In both periods, the United States acquired more natural resources by increasing peaceful trade with American Indian groups

•   In both periods, the forced migration of enslaved people provided labor for extracting natural resources in United States mining towns

Multiple Choice

The role of new technology in economic change in the late 1800s was most similar to the role of technology in which of the following earlier situations?

• The fur trade developed in the 1600s, fostering new forms of interactions between peoples

• Trans-Atlantic commerce grew in the colonial era, taking advantage of navigational innovations

• Manufacturing spread in the early 1800s, allowing more efficient production

• Sharecropping emerged in the Reconstruction era, channeling farmers into new labor systems

Multiple Choice

“Most Populists sought economic and political reform, not the overthrow of existing systems. . . . The ethos of modernity and progress swept across the cultural landscape of late nineteenth-century America, driven by the winds of commercial capitalism. The Populists mainly shared this ethos. . . . A firm belief in progress gave them confidence to act. Because they believed in the transforming power of science and technology, they sought to attain expertise and knowledge for their own improvement. Because they believed in economies of scale, they strove to adapt the model of large-scale enterprise to their own needs. . . . Because they believed in the logic of modernity, the Populist[s] . . . attempted to fashion an alternative modernity. . . .

“. . . The demands of [Populist] farmers for currency inflation . . . threatened the dogmas and profits of bankers and creditors. . . . The capitalist elite pursued a corporate power that left little room for the organized power of men and women of the fields, mines, or factories. Their corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision of an alternative capitalism.”

Charles Postel, historian, The Populist Vision, 2007

Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel’s claim in the first paragraph of the excerpt about the “ethos of modernity and progress” and the Populists?

• Populists living in rural areas learned about urban and international life through the telegraph and newspapers

• Populist speakers often used religious examples and metaphors to make moral arguments for their policies

• Populists sought to develop commercial farming through the expansion of transportation networks

• Populists formed a national political organization out of numerous local farmer and labor groups

Multiple Choice

“Most Populists sought economic and political reform, not the overthrow of existing systems. . . . The ethos of modernity and progress swept across the cultural landscape of late nineteenth-century America, driven by the winds of commercial capitalism. The Populists mainly shared this ethos. . . . A firm belief in progress gave them confidence to act. Because they believed in the transforming power of science and technology, they sought to attain expertise and knowledge for their own improvement. Because they believed in economies of scale, they strove to adapt the model of large-scale enterprise to their own needs. . . . Because they believed in the logic of modernity, the Populist[s] . . . attempted to fashion an alternative modernity. . . .

“. . . The demands of [Populist] farmers for currency inflation . . . threatened the dogmas and profits of bankers and creditors. . . . The capitalist elite pursued a corporate power that left little room for the organized power of men and women of the fields, mines, or factories. Their corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision of an alternative capitalism.”

Charles Postel, historian, The Populist Vision, 2007

Which of the following pieces of evidence would refute Postel’s claim in the last paragraph of the excerpt that the “corporate vision clashed with the Populist vision” for the United States economy in the late 1800s?

•   Populists supported limitations on the railroad rates charged to farmers

• Corporations recruited government support to oppose the formation of labor unions

• Populists sought new markets for United States agricultural goods overseas

•   Corporations advocated that the federal government avoid regulation of the economy