11-1 Review: Turning the Tide in Europe and the Pacific

11-1 Review: Turning the Tide in Europe and the Pacific

By Mrs. Kokernak

Open Ended

Why did the Allies adopt a "Europe First" Strategy?

Europe First Strategy

• The Allies have more unified goals than the Axis

• Germany considered most dangerous enemy

• Japan and Italy don't pose long-term threat

• Only Germany had the resources to fight the U.S., British, and Soviets on two fronts ​

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Multiple Choice

What was the goal of German "wolf packs"?

• To open a sea route to invade the United States

• To bring supplies to Japan

• To sink merchant ships and cut the sea lines between the U.S. and Europe

• To sink merchant ships and cut the sea line between the U.S. and China

Multiple Choice

What technology allowed the Allies to begin to win the war on the North Atlantic?

• Radar

• Submarines

• Airplanes

• Tanks

Multiple Choice

What does this image tell you about the Battle of Stalingrad?

• It really wasn't that bad

• It took place in Germany

• It was a short battle

• It involved ferocious, block-by-block, and house-by-house fighting; the city was utterly destroyed

Multiple Select

Why is the Battle at Stalingrad considered a turning point in the war? (Multiple correct answers!)

• The Germans advanced and gained more Soviet territory

• It ended any realistic plans for Hitler to dominate in Europe

• American forces joined the fight to help the Soviets

• The Nazi armies were forced to retreat and the Soviets were now on the offensive

Multiple Choice

Why did Stalin want the Americans and British to open a second front in France?

• So that their death count would be as high as the Soviets

• He secretly wanted to re-establish a partnership with Hitler

• To relieve the Soviet Union by forcing the Germans to fight on two fronts

• To make it easier for the Nazis to invade France

Multiple Choice

The British and Americans needed more time to prepare for an invasion across the English Cnannel, so instead they planned an invasion of

• Japan

• Germany

• North Africa

• Sweden

Multiple Choice

Taking North Africa would pave the way to invade

• Italy

• Spain

• Greece

• Egypt

Multiple Select

What TWO important decisions were made between Churchill and Roosevelt at Casablanca?

• To increase bombing of Germany and invade Italy

• To end the war against Japan with atomic weapons

• To accept a conditional surrender from Mussolini rather than invade Italy

• The Allies would only accept unconditional surrender from the Axis Powers

Multiple Choice

From where did the Allies launch their invasion of Italy?

• Rome

• Sicily

• Crete

• Cyprus

Multiple Choice

After Italy surrendered in September of 1943, Hitler installed Mussolini as the head of a puppet state in northern Italy

• True

• False

• I'm not sure

Multiple Choice

Fighting continued in Italy until 1945

• True

• False

• I'm not sure

Multiple Choice

How did Roosevelt and Churchill respond to Stalin's continued demands for a second front in France in 1942?

• By launching an invasion of Normandy, France

• They ignored his demands

• By launching nonstop bombing attacks against German cities and military sites

• By invading Denmark to open a northern front against Germany

Multiple Choice

The goal is to inflict maximum damage by dropping massive amounts of bombs on cities

• Saturation Bombing

• Strategic Bombing

Multiple Choice

The goal is to target specific political, military, and industrial centers in order to destroy a country's ability to make war

• Saturation Bombing

• Strategic Bombing

Multiple Select

The Tuskegee Airmen (multiple answers)

• Escorted bombers

• Never lost a single bomber

• Paved the way for the Civil Rights Movement

• Flew more than 1,500 missions over enemy territory

The War in the Pacific

Fierce Fighting in the Pacific and Turning the Tide in the Pacific ​

Multiple Choice

Which country was winning the war in the Pacific in late 1941 and early 1942?

• Japan

• The United States

• Australia

Multiple Choice

Who led the defense of the Philippines against the Japanese?

• General MacArthur

• General Patton

• General Rommel

• General Eisenhower

Multiple Choice

The Allied forces in the Philippines held out until May of 1942. 75,000 American and Filipino soldiers were forced to surrender and became POWs. They were forced to march over 60 miles in the "Bataan Death March". Over 7,000 died of exhaustion and starvation or were killed.

• True

• False

• I can't believe this!

Multiple Choice

What was the result of the Doolittle Raid?

• It was a major American victory-- allowed Allies to take the Offensive

• It was a major Japanese victory

• There was minimal military gain, bust it bolstered US morale-- vengence for Pearl Harbor

Multiple Select

What was the result of the Battle of Coral Sea? (multiple answers)

• American victory

• Japanese victory

• It was technicially a drow

• It forced the Japanese to call off their attack on New Guinea (shift in momentum)

• Showed that the war in the Pacific would depend on the strength of aircraft carriers and planes

Open Ended

Explain why the Battle of Midway was an important turning point in the war.

The Battle of Midway ​

• Japan plans to take Midway to force American defenses back to the California coast (important re-fueling station)

• Planned to establish a military presence in the Aleutians

• Navy code breakers intercept messages and know Japan's plans

• Nimitz​ sends only available aircraft carrier

• Decisive American victory-- 4 Japanese aircraft carriers sunk

• ​Stops the Japanese advance-- U.S. takes the offensive

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Open Ended

Explain the logic behind the dual offensives in the U.S. offensive strategy in the Pacific.

Americans Take the Offensive​

• Guadalcanal: fierce jungle fighting over a tiny island. Marines take after 3 months.

• Dual offensive: Approach Japan from both the southwest and central Pacific

• Force Japan to fight a two-front war

• Capture bases from which to bomb the Japanese home islands

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